Calidad en las empresas del sector comercial del Perú
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Date
2021-02-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El sector Comercial del Perú, es una de las muestras más claras del poder adquisitivo
de un país como el nuestro, dado que, al existir un crecimiento continuo y sostenible en el
tiempo, resulta atractivo para mayor inversión empresarial. El enfoque actual al concepto de
calidad en las empresas del sector comercial debe tomarse con atención, dado que el Perú
ocupa desde el 2019 el puesto 65 de 141 economías evaluadas respecto al Ranking de
Competitividad Global del Centro de Desarrollo Industrial (CDI), por lo que es uno de los
pilares rezagados del crecimiento económico.
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar la relación, el nivel de
percepción y rendimiento de las empresas del sector comercial con cada uno de los Nueve
Factores de Éxito de la Calidad Total (TQM) propuestos por Benzaquen (2018).
La población estimada fue de 7.922 establecimientos de ventas por menor
correspondientes al sector comercial, ubicados en varios centros comerciales de Lima
Metropolitana y provincias, y de algunas provincias del interior del país, sin incluir a los
supermercados, hipermercados, ni tiendas por departamentos. El estudio de investigación
tuvo un error estadístico de 5% y nivel de confianza del 95%, la muestra dada estuvo
conformada por 365 empresas comerciales.
Los resultados de la presente investigación indicaron que sí existen diferencias
significativas en varios de los nueve factores del TQM entre las empresas comerciales que
cuentan con un SGC y las que no, siendo: (a) alta gerencia - liderazgo, (b) auditoría y
evaluación de la calidad, (c) control y mejoramiento del proceso, (d) educación y
entrenamiento, y (e) cículos de calidad. Asimismo, se evidenció que alta gerencia de las
empresas comerciales que cuentan con un SGC tanto en Lima como provincias realizan una
mejor gestión de la calidad en comparación a sus pares de las empresas comerciales que no
cuentan con un SGC.
The Commercial sector of Peru is one of the clearest signs of the purchasing power of a country like ours, given that, as there is continuous and sustainable growth over time, it is attractive for greater business investment. The current approach to the concept of quality in companies in the commercial sector must be taken carefully, since Peru has ranked 65 out of 141 economies evaluated since 2019 in the Global Competitiveness Ranking of the Center for Industrial Development (CDI), being one of the lagging pillars of economic growth. The present research aims to demonstrate the relationship, the level of perception and performance of companies in the commercial sector with each of the nine success factors of total quality (TQM) proposed by Benzaquen (2018). The estimated population was 7,922 retail establishments corresponding to the commercial sector, located in several Shopping Centers in Metropolitan Lima, and some not including Supermarkets, Hypermarkets, or department stores. The research study had a statistical error of 5% and a confidence level of 95%, the sample given consisted of 365 commercial companies. The results of the present investigation indicated that there are significant differences in several of the nine TQM factors between commercial companies that have a QMS and those that do not, being: (a) senior management - leadership, (b) audit and evaluation quality, (c) process control and improvement, (d) education and training, and (e) quality courses. Likewise, it was evidenced that senior management of commercial companies that have a QMS both in Lima and the provinces perform better quality management compared to their peers of commercial companies that do not have a QMS.
The Commercial sector of Peru is one of the clearest signs of the purchasing power of a country like ours, given that, as there is continuous and sustainable growth over time, it is attractive for greater business investment. The current approach to the concept of quality in companies in the commercial sector must be taken carefully, since Peru has ranked 65 out of 141 economies evaluated since 2019 in the Global Competitiveness Ranking of the Center for Industrial Development (CDI), being one of the lagging pillars of economic growth. The present research aims to demonstrate the relationship, the level of perception and performance of companies in the commercial sector with each of the nine success factors of total quality (TQM) proposed by Benzaquen (2018). The estimated population was 7,922 retail establishments corresponding to the commercial sector, located in several Shopping Centers in Metropolitan Lima, and some not including Supermarkets, Hypermarkets, or department stores. The research study had a statistical error of 5% and a confidence level of 95%, the sample given consisted of 365 commercial companies. The results of the present investigation indicated that there are significant differences in several of the nine TQM factors between commercial companies that have a QMS and those that do not, being: (a) senior management - leadership, (b) audit and evaluation quality, (c) process control and improvement, (d) education and training, and (e) quality courses. Likewise, it was evidenced that senior management of commercial companies that have a QMS both in Lima and the provinces perform better quality management compared to their peers of commercial companies that do not have a QMS.
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Keywords
Comercio, Calidad total
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