Roadmap de la implementación de la tecnología blockchain en el proceso de facturación del consumo de energía eléctrica
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Date
2022-10-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como propósito proponer el diseño de una hoja de ruta para la
incorporación de la tecnología blockchain en el proceso de facturación para el consumo
eléctrico. Para el logro de este objetivo, se realizó una investigación aplicada, con el enfoque
cualitativo y alcance descriptivo-propositivo. La técnica de recolección de la información fue
la entrevista aplicada a profesionales de TI y del sector de energía eléctrica; para ello se empleó
como instrumento a una guía de entrevista semiestructurada de 22 preguntas con previa
validación por el juicio de expertos, obteniendo el coeficiente el V de Aiken mayor de 0.89
para todos los ítems de la guía. Se hizo la categorización y el análisis de la data cualitativa
obtenida, se diseñó la arquitectura de aplicaciones de la empresa de energía eléctrica y la
integración de blockchain y se elaboró la propuesta de una hoja de ruta para la implementación
de blockchain en el proceso de facturación de una empresa de energía eléctrica a base del
conocimiento empírico y la experiencia de los participantes, considerando el nivel de madurez
tecnológica actual y los factores de éxito, internos y externos. El marco del trabajo de la
propuesta de hoja de ruta se basa en 4 dimensiones i) procesos de negocio, normativa y
reglamentación legal del sector, ii) los sistemas informáticos, iii) la infraestructura tecnológica
y iv) la capacidad de recursos humanos; y contiene 34 actividades organizadas en función a la
prioridad y la capacidad de la empresa en el horizonte de 5 a 10 años. Con el resultado de esta
investigación, la empresa obtiene una herramienta de Gestión de Tecnologías de Información,
para identificar, evaluar y seleccionar la alternativa tecnológica desde una perspectiva del
corto, mediano y largo plazos y que puedan hacer viable la adopción de la tecnología
blockchain en el proceso de facturación de una empresa de distribución de electricidad.
The purpose of this research was to provide a design proposal for a roadmap for the incorporation of blockchain technology in the billing process for electricity consumption. To achieve this objective, applied research was carried out, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive-propositional scope. The information collection technique was the interview applied to IT professionals and the electric power sector; For this purpose, a semi-structured interview guide with 22 questions was used as an instrument with prior validation by expert judgment, obtaining the Aiken's V coefficient greater than 0.89 for all the items in the guide. The analysis of the qualitative data obtained was carried out, the application architecture of the electric power company and the integration of blockchain were designed; and the proposal of a roadmap for the implementation of blockchain in the billing process of an electric power company was elaborated based on the empirical knowledge and experience of the participants, considering the current level of technological maturity and the success factors, internal and external. The work framework of the roadmap proposal is based on 4 dimensions i) business processes, regulations and legal regulations of the sector, ii) computer systems, iii) technological infrastructure and iv) human resource capacity; and contains 34 activities organized according to the priority and the capacity of the company in the horizon of 5 to 10 years. With the result of this research, the company obtains an Information Technology Management tool, to identify, evaluate and select the technological alternative from a short-, medium- and long-term perspective and that can make the adoption of blockchain technology viable in the billing process of an electricity distribution company.
The purpose of this research was to provide a design proposal for a roadmap for the incorporation of blockchain technology in the billing process for electricity consumption. To achieve this objective, applied research was carried out, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive-propositional scope. The information collection technique was the interview applied to IT professionals and the electric power sector; For this purpose, a semi-structured interview guide with 22 questions was used as an instrument with prior validation by expert judgment, obtaining the Aiken's V coefficient greater than 0.89 for all the items in the guide. The analysis of the qualitative data obtained was carried out, the application architecture of the electric power company and the integration of blockchain were designed; and the proposal of a roadmap for the implementation of blockchain in the billing process of an electric power company was elaborated based on the empirical knowledge and experience of the participants, considering the current level of technological maturity and the success factors, internal and external. The work framework of the roadmap proposal is based on 4 dimensions i) business processes, regulations and legal regulations of the sector, ii) computer systems, iii) technological infrastructure and iv) human resource capacity; and contains 34 activities organized according to the priority and the capacity of the company in the horizon of 5 to 10 years. With the result of this research, the company obtains an Information Technology Management tool, to identify, evaluate and select the technological alternative from a short-, medium- and long-term perspective and that can make the adoption of blockchain technology viable in the billing process of an electricity distribution company.
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Keywords
Innovaciones tecnológicas, Negocios--Procedimiento de datos, Recursos energéticos--Perú, Redes eléctricas
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