Informe jurídico sobre la resolución recaída en la Casación N°03497-2021- Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
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El presente informe tiene por objeto analizar críticamente la validez
constitucional y legal del retiro de confianza como causal de extinción del vínculo
laboral, en el marco del caso resuelto mediante la Casación Laboral N° 3497-
2021-LIMA. En dicho proceso, la empleadora activó un procedimiento de despido
por falta grave, en virtud del artículo 25.a del Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley de
Productividad y Competitividad Laboral (TUO de la LPCL), aprobado por Decreto
Supremo Nº003-97-TR. Sin embargo, al advertir que no contaba con medios
probatorios suficientes, incorporó posteriormente el retiro de confianza como
justificación alternativa del cese. Pese a esta ambigüedad, la Corte Suprema
validó el procedimiento seguido sin delimitar las diferencias normativas entre
ambas figuras ni examinar la legalidad de la causal finalmente aplicada.
El informe desarrolla tres subproblemas (i) si la condición de personal de
confianza puede justificar restricciones al contenido esencial del derecho al
trabajo y la estabilidad laboral; (ii) qué riesgos genera la falta de regulación del
retiro de confianza y su aplicación subjetiva; y (iii) qué figura debe prevalecer
cuando el empleador invoca ambas causales en un mismo proceso. Como
instrumentos normativos, se emplean la Constitución, el TUO de la LPCL y
tratados internacionales ratificados por el Perú.
Finalmente, se concluye que el retiro de confianza, por su indefinición y carácter
discrecional, no puede operar como causal válida ni subsanar las deficiencias
del despido, por lo que el cese debe considerarse arbitrario.
This report aims to critically analyze the constitutional and legal validity of trust withdrawal ("retiro de confianza") as a ground for terminating an employment relationship, in the context of the case resolved through Supreme Labor Cassation No. 3497-2021-LIMA. In this case, the employer initiated a disciplinary dismissal procedure based on serious misconduct, under Article 25.a of the Consolidated Text of the Law on Productivity and Labor Competitiveness (TUO of the LPCL), approved by Supreme Decree No. 003-97-TR. However, upon realizing that sufficient evidence was lacking, the employer subsequently invoked loss of trust as an alternative justification for termination. Despite this ambiguity, the Supreme Court upheld the procedure without drawing a normative distinction between the two grounds or examining the legality of the final cause applied. The report addresses three sub-questions: (i) whether the classification as a trusted employee justifies restrictions to the essential content of the right to work and job stability; (ii) what legal and constitutional risks arise from the lack of regulation and the subjective application of trust withdrawal; and (iii) which figure should prevail when both causes are invoked within the same process. The analysis relies on the Peruvian Constitution, the TUO of the LPCL, and international human rights treaties ratified by Peru. It concludes that, due to its lack of legal definition and discretionary nature, trust withdrawal cannot operate as a valid cause for termination or remedy deficiencies in the disciplinary process. Therefore, the dismissal must be considered arbitrary.
This report aims to critically analyze the constitutional and legal validity of trust withdrawal ("retiro de confianza") as a ground for terminating an employment relationship, in the context of the case resolved through Supreme Labor Cassation No. 3497-2021-LIMA. In this case, the employer initiated a disciplinary dismissal procedure based on serious misconduct, under Article 25.a of the Consolidated Text of the Law on Productivity and Labor Competitiveness (TUO of the LPCL), approved by Supreme Decree No. 003-97-TR. However, upon realizing that sufficient evidence was lacking, the employer subsequently invoked loss of trust as an alternative justification for termination. Despite this ambiguity, the Supreme Court upheld the procedure without drawing a normative distinction between the two grounds or examining the legality of the final cause applied. The report addresses three sub-questions: (i) whether the classification as a trusted employee justifies restrictions to the essential content of the right to work and job stability; (ii) what legal and constitutional risks arise from the lack of regulation and the subjective application of trust withdrawal; and (iii) which figure should prevail when both causes are invoked within the same process. The analysis relies on the Peruvian Constitution, the TUO of the LPCL, and international human rights treaties ratified by Peru. It concludes that, due to its lack of legal definition and discretionary nature, trust withdrawal cannot operate as a valid cause for termination or remedy deficiencies in the disciplinary process. Therefore, the dismissal must be considered arbitrary.
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Empleados -- Despido--Legislación--Perú--Lima, Estabilidad laboral--Perú--Lima, Empresas privadas--Perú--Lima, Derecho laboral--Perú, Derecho constitucional--Perú