La valoración de la declaración única de la víctima. Una revisión a los criterios desarrollados en los acuerdos plenarios 2-2005 y 1-2011
Date
2024-11-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La tesis tiene como objetivo revisar los criterios para la valoración de las declaraciones
de víctimas en casos de violencia sexual, establecidos en los Acuerdos Plenarios 2-2005
y 1-2011. En ella se analizan los criterios adoptados por la Corte Suprema, tales como la
incredibilidad subjetiva, la verosimilitud y la persistencia en la incriminación, señalando
sus limitaciones y la necesidad de incorporar los aportes de la psicología del testimonio
para lograr una valoración conforme a las exigencias de la sana crítica.
La investigación también identifica y critica la insuficiente definición conceptual de estos
criterios y su incorrecta aplicación en casos concretos, advirtiendo que esto puede llevar
a decisiones arbitrarias y prejuiciosas. Para alcanzar el objetivo principal, se ha realizado
un análisis teórico individual de cada criterio, además de una revisión de su aplicación en
casos específicos. El estudio concluye que los criterios actuales no integran los avances
en psicología del testimonio, una disciplina que podría proporcionar herramientas y
parámetros científicos para evaluar la fiabilidad de los testimonios de las víctimas, así
como técnicas adecuadas para la toma de declaraciones.
Finalmente, se destaca la importancia del criterio de corroboración periférica, así como
el papel del psicólogo forense y su impacto en la obtención de testimonios, proponiendo
mejoras para alcanzar decisiones judiciales más justas y fundamentadas en una valoración
racional de la prueba.
The thesis aims to review the criteria for evaluating victim statements in cases of sexual violence, as established in Plenary Agreements 2-2005 and 1-2011. It analyzes the criteria adopted by the Supreme Court, such as subjective incredibility, plausibility, and persistence in incrimination, highlighting their limitations and the need to incorporate insights from testimonial psychology to achieve an assessment aligned with the requirements of sound judgment. The research also identifies and critiques the insufficient conceptual definition of these criteria and their improper application in specific cases, noting that this can lead to arbitrary and biased decisions. To achieve its primary objective, the study includes a theoretical analysis of each criterion, as well as a review of their application in particular cases. The study 1concludes that current criteria do not integrate advances in testimonial psychology, a discipline that could provide scientific tools and standards for assessing the reliability of victim testimonies, as well as appropriate techniques for obtaining statements. Finally, the thesis underscores the importance of the peripheral corroboration criterion, as well as the role of the forensic psychologist and their impact on obtaining testimonies, proposing improvements to reach fairer judicial decisions grounded in a rational evaluation of evidence.
The thesis aims to review the criteria for evaluating victim statements in cases of sexual violence, as established in Plenary Agreements 2-2005 and 1-2011. It analyzes the criteria adopted by the Supreme Court, such as subjective incredibility, plausibility, and persistence in incrimination, highlighting their limitations and the need to incorporate insights from testimonial psychology to achieve an assessment aligned with the requirements of sound judgment. The research also identifies and critiques the insufficient conceptual definition of these criteria and their improper application in specific cases, noting that this can lead to arbitrary and biased decisions. To achieve its primary objective, the study includes a theoretical analysis of each criterion, as well as a review of their application in particular cases. The study 1concludes that current criteria do not integrate advances in testimonial psychology, a discipline that could provide scientific tools and standards for assessing the reliability of victim testimonies, as well as appropriate techniques for obtaining statements. Finally, the thesis underscores the importance of the peripheral corroboration criterion, as well as the role of the forensic psychologist and their impact on obtaining testimonies, proposing improvements to reach fairer judicial decisions grounded in a rational evaluation of evidence.
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Keywords
Prueba (Derecho)--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho procesal civil--Legislación--Perú, Carga de la prueba, Delitos sexuales--Perú
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