Del novelista al banquero: actores políticos del liberalismo de derecha en el Perú desde 1990 hasta la caída de PPK
Date
2022-10-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo parte del hecho de que hubo un cambio de características en los
actores del liberalismo de derechas peruano entre la última década del siglo XX y la
segunda década del siglo XXI. De ser un movimiento doctrinario se transformó en
uno, por el contrario, tecnocrático, cambios que se dieron al compás de los los
cambios de las estrategias de los partidos políticos. Esto se evidencia, por ejemplo,
en la candidatura presidencial de 1990 del novelista Mario Vargas Llosa y las de
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (PPK), banquero y tecnócrata, en 2011 y 2016. Los estilos de
ambos líderes son diametralmente distintos, pero la ideología es coincidente. Esta
tesis propone que, para entender cabalmente este cambio, se deben distinguir
diferentes actores liberales de derecha en el Perú. Por un lado, tenemos a los
políticos y activistas políticos y, por otro, a los tecnócratas. Los políticos se subdividen
entre los vargasllosianos y los doctrinarios, los tecnócratas entre los economicistas y
pragmáticos. En esa línea, luego, se propone un estudio de proceso de cambio en
las fuerzas de derecha liberal en el Perú, repasando siete décadas de historia, desde
la década de 1950 hasta la actualidad. En esta revisión, se manifiesta cómo se
originan y operan los cuatro grupos de liberales peruanos que se proponen.
Finalmente, este trabajo se halla entre el grupo de estudios que dividen y diferencian
a los actores en la derecha peruana, en contraste a los estudios que agrupan como
un súmmum a todos los actores “neoliberales”.
This thesis is based on the fact that there was a change in the characteristics of the actors of Peruvian right-wing liberalism between the last decade of the 20th century and the second decade of the 21st century. From being a doctrinal movement, it was transformed into one, on the contrary, technocratic, changes that occurred to the beat of the changes in the strategies of the political parties. This is evident, for example, in the 1990 presidential candidacy of the novelist Mario Vargas Llosa and those of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (PPK), a banker and technocrat, in 2011 and 2016. The styles of both leaders are diametrically different, but the ideology is coincident. This thesis proposes that, to fully understand this change, different right-wing liberal actors in Peru must be distinguished. On one side we have the politicians and political activists and on the other side the technocrats. The politicians are subdivided between the “vargasllosianos” and the doctrinarians; the technocrats subdivided between the economists and pragmatists. In this line, then, a study of the process of change in the liberal right-wing forces in Peru is proposed, reviewing seven decades of history, from the 1950s to the present. In this review, it is shown how the four groups of Peruvian liberals that are proposed originate and operate. Finally, this work is among the group of studies that divide and differentiate the actors in the Peruvian right, in contrast to the studies that group as a summum all the “neoliberal” actors.
This thesis is based on the fact that there was a change in the characteristics of the actors of Peruvian right-wing liberalism between the last decade of the 20th century and the second decade of the 21st century. From being a doctrinal movement, it was transformed into one, on the contrary, technocratic, changes that occurred to the beat of the changes in the strategies of the political parties. This is evident, for example, in the 1990 presidential candidacy of the novelist Mario Vargas Llosa and those of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (PPK), a banker and technocrat, in 2011 and 2016. The styles of both leaders are diametrically different, but the ideology is coincident. This thesis proposes that, to fully understand this change, different right-wing liberal actors in Peru must be distinguished. On one side we have the politicians and political activists and on the other side the technocrats. The politicians are subdivided between the “vargasllosianos” and the doctrinarians; the technocrats subdivided between the economists and pragmatists. In this line, then, a study of the process of change in the liberal right-wing forces in Peru is proposed, reviewing seven decades of history, from the 1950s to the present. In this review, it is shown how the four groups of Peruvian liberals that are proposed originate and operate. Finally, this work is among the group of studies that divide and differentiate the actors in the Peruvian right, in contrast to the studies that group as a summum all the “neoliberal” actors.
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Keywords
Derecha (Política)--Perú, Partidos políticos--Perú, Tecnocracia--Perú, Liberalismo--Perú
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