Gestión de la innovación y tecnología en las empresas peruanas del sector retail
Date
2019-10-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación brinda un enfoque general de la industria del
Retail en el Perú. El objeto de estudio está enfocado al sub sector de los Supermercados; los
cuales son catalogados como tiendas por conveniencia porque ofrecen una variedad de
productos, centrados en alimentación, bebidas, productos de bazar, entre otros. Se recalca que
la industria del Retail con el uso de la innovación y tecnología ha servido de catalizador para
el comercio electrónico, ayudando a que se generen mayores volúmenes de ventas.
Asimismo, para la investigación se utilizó como muestra a las tres principales empresas de
este sub sector, entre ellas, se mencionan a Supermercados Peruanos S.A, Hipermercados
Tottus y Cencosud S.A.
En cuanto a la metodología de la investigación, se realizó un cuestionario de 176
preguntas, las cuales son utilizadas para obtener información de las mencionadas empresas en
lo que respecta a innovación y tecnología. Con estas preguntas de tipos abiertas, cerradas y
mixtas, las cuales fueron procesadas y contrastadas con el análisis de fiabilidad del Alfa de
Cronbach, dio como resultado 0.935, lo que denota una fiabilidad elevada, con lo cual se
brinda la validez de la encuesta.
Como conclusión, se responden los cuestionamientos de la investigación. Referente
al nivel competitivo en el cual las empresas del sector Retail se encuentran es bajo, al no
contar con un departamento que se encargue netamente al desarrollo de las actividades de
Investigación y Desarrollo (I + D). Respecto al nivel competitivo en la investigación se
evidencia en el desarrollo de las empresas del sector Retail, que existe una inversión parcial y
que las empresas en estudio tienen la misma participación. En relación a las actividades para
la innovación y tecnología, el nivel competitivo en que las empresas del sector Retail se
encuentran no ha llegado al deseado, debido a que un 66.7% de estas aun no desarrollan actividades estratégicas que permitan que se vuelvan competitivas por completo frente al
resto.
Finalmente se pudo delimitar que muchas de las empresas del sub sector Retail no
tienen un departamento de I+D dentro de su estructura empresarial, sino que están incluidos
de manera tácita en los departamentos Marketing y Tecnología de la Información, sin
embargo, esto no es un indicador de que las empresas no estén invirtiendo en lo mencionado.
Una de las mayores dificultades dentro del desarrollo de la investigación, es que muchos de
los encargados en la búsqueda y desarrollo de la Innovación y Tecnología, consideraban que
no es conveniente brindar toda su información, al menos la que creen confidencial de la
empresa, ya que lo tomaban como una exposición de la estrategia que tenían para sus
competidores.
This research work provides a general approach to the Retail industry in Peru. The object of study is focused on the sub-sector of Supermarkets; which are cataloged as convenience stores because they offer a variety of products, focused on food, beverages, and bazaar products, among others. It is emphasized that the Retail industry with the use of innovation and technology has served as a catalyst for electronic commerce, helping to generate higher sales volumes. Likewise, for the investigation, the three main companies of this sub sector were used as a sample, among them, they mentioned Supermarkets Peruanos S.A, Hypermarkets Tottus and Cencosud S.A. Regarding the methodology of the investigation, a questionnaire of 176 questions was carried out, which are used to obtain information of the aforementioned companies with regard to innovation and technology. With these questions of open, closed and mixed types, which were processed and contrasted with the reliability analysis of Cronbach's Alpha, it gave 0.935, which denotes a high reliability, which gives the validity of the survey. In conclusion, the questions of the investigation are answered. Regarding the competitive level in which the companies in the Retail sector are located, it does not have a department that is in charge of the development of Research and Development (R & D) activities. Regarding the competitive level of research, it is evident in the development of companies in the Retail sector that there is a partial investment and that the companies under study have the same participation. In relation to the activities for innovation and technology, the competitive level in which the companies of the Retail sector are has not reached the desired, because 66.7% of these still do not develop strategic activities that allow them to become completely competitive in front of the rest. Finally, it was possible to delimit that many of the companies in the Retail sub sector do not have an R & D department within their business structure, but are tacitly included in the Marketing and Information Technology departments, however, this is not an indicator that companies are not investing in the aforementioned. One of the biggest difficulties in the development of research is that many of the people in charge of the search and development of Innovation and Technology considered that it is not convenient to provide all their information, at least the one that they believe is confidential of the company. That they took it as an exposition of the strategy they had for their competitors.
This research work provides a general approach to the Retail industry in Peru. The object of study is focused on the sub-sector of Supermarkets; which are cataloged as convenience stores because they offer a variety of products, focused on food, beverages, and bazaar products, among others. It is emphasized that the Retail industry with the use of innovation and technology has served as a catalyst for electronic commerce, helping to generate higher sales volumes. Likewise, for the investigation, the three main companies of this sub sector were used as a sample, among them, they mentioned Supermarkets Peruanos S.A, Hypermarkets Tottus and Cencosud S.A. Regarding the methodology of the investigation, a questionnaire of 176 questions was carried out, which are used to obtain information of the aforementioned companies with regard to innovation and technology. With these questions of open, closed and mixed types, which were processed and contrasted with the reliability analysis of Cronbach's Alpha, it gave 0.935, which denotes a high reliability, which gives the validity of the survey. In conclusion, the questions of the investigation are answered. Regarding the competitive level in which the companies in the Retail sector are located, it does not have a department that is in charge of the development of Research and Development (R & D) activities. Regarding the competitive level of research, it is evident in the development of companies in the Retail sector that there is a partial investment and that the companies under study have the same participation. In relation to the activities for innovation and technology, the competitive level in which the companies of the Retail sector are has not reached the desired, because 66.7% of these still do not develop strategic activities that allow them to become completely competitive in front of the rest. Finally, it was possible to delimit that many of the companies in the Retail sub sector do not have an R & D department within their business structure, but are tacitly included in the Marketing and Information Technology departments, however, this is not an indicator that companies are not investing in the aforementioned. One of the biggest difficulties in the development of research is that many of the people in charge of the search and development of Innovation and Technology considered that it is not convenient to provide all their information, at least the one that they believe is confidential of the company. That they took it as an exposition of the strategy they had for their competitors.
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