Capacidades técnicas para la gestión de casos de riesgo o desprotección familiar de las unidades de protección especial de niñas, niños y adolescentes
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Date
2025-02-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los Equipos de Evaluación de las Unidades de Protección Especial (UPE) son de
los que tienen mayor relevancia dentro de la labor que cumple este servicio, ya que
definen la medida de protección adecuada e idónea para un niño, niña o
adolescente en riesgo o desprotección familiar. Sin embargo, no existe en el país
formación académica que desarrollen las capacidades que especialicen a este tipo
de profesionales para realizar dicha labor; lo que trae como consecuencia que la
contratación de los profesionales para ocupar dichos cargos cuente con perfiles de
puestos basados en las tareas a cumplir, más no en las capacidades que deben
tener para ejercer las funciones del cargo. Este es un aspecto que incide en llevar a
cabo procedimientos administrativos por riesgo o desprotección familiar de forma
oportuna y adecuada, y que estos arriben en tomar decisiones acertadas en función
del interés superior del niño, niña o adolescente que está siendo atendido por el
servicio.
Por ello, el presente estudio busca conocer qué factores contribuyen o limitan la
labor de los profesionales de los Equipos de Evaluación de las UPE de Lima
Metropolitana y Callao, desde el análisis de sus capacidades técnicas, las
condiciones que ofrece el entorno institucional y las iniciativas implementadas por la
Dirección de Protección Especial (DPE), área a cargo de brindar soporte y sostener
el servicio.
La investigación fue cualitativa, usando la metodología de Estudio de Caso en las
sedes de Lima Norte-Callao, Lima Sur, Lima Este y Lima Centro. Los resultados
obtenidos por la presente investigación apuntan a la mayor inversión en el personal
a cargo del brindar el servicio, a una mejora sustantiva de los procesos formativos y
al fortalecimiento de la articulación interinstitucional. Asimismo, el estudio muestra
hallazgos sobre problemas estructurales que exceden las competencias y ámbito de
influencia de la DPE, y que afecta a la prestación que brinda la UPE. En ese
sentido, las recomendaciones apuntan a mejorar los procesos de selección de
personal, la formación continua, y las condiciones laborales actuales, así como el
fortalecimiento de la articulación interinstitucional.
The Evaluation Teams of the Special Protection Units (UPE, for its acronym in Spanish) are among the most relevant within the work of this service, since they define the appropriate and suitable protection measure for a child or adolescent at risk or lack of family protection. However, there is no academic training in the country to develop the skills that specialize this type of professionals to perform such work, which results in the hiring of professionals to fill these positions with job profiles based on the tasks to be performed, but not on the skills they should have to perform the functions of the position. This is an aspect that affects the timely and adequate conduct of administrative procedures due to risk or lack of family protection, and that they result in making the right decisions based on the best interests of the child or adolescent who is being cared for by the service. For this reason, this investigation seeks to determine what factors contribute to or limit their work in the UPE of Metropolitan Lima and Callao by analyzing their technical capacities, the conditions offered by the institutional environment and the initiatives implemented by the Directorate of Special Protection (DPE, for its acronym in Spanish), the area in charge of providing support and sustaining the service. The research was qualitative, using the Case Study methodology in Lima North- Callao, Lima South, Lima East and Lima Center. The results obtained from this research point to greater investment in the personnel in charge of providing the service, an improvement in training processes and the strengthening of interinstitutional coordination. Likewise, the study shows findings on structural problems that exceed the competencies and sphere of influence of the DPE, and that affect the service provided by the UPE. In this sense, the recommendations aim at improving personnel selection processes, continuous training, and current working conditions, as well as strengthening inter-institutional coordination.
The Evaluation Teams of the Special Protection Units (UPE, for its acronym in Spanish) are among the most relevant within the work of this service, since they define the appropriate and suitable protection measure for a child or adolescent at risk or lack of family protection. However, there is no academic training in the country to develop the skills that specialize this type of professionals to perform such work, which results in the hiring of professionals to fill these positions with job profiles based on the tasks to be performed, but not on the skills they should have to perform the functions of the position. This is an aspect that affects the timely and adequate conduct of administrative procedures due to risk or lack of family protection, and that they result in making the right decisions based on the best interests of the child or adolescent who is being cared for by the service. For this reason, this investigation seeks to determine what factors contribute to or limit their work in the UPE of Metropolitan Lima and Callao by analyzing their technical capacities, the conditions offered by the institutional environment and the initiatives implemented by the Directorate of Special Protection (DPE, for its acronym in Spanish), the area in charge of providing support and sustaining the service. The research was qualitative, using the Case Study methodology in Lima North- Callao, Lima South, Lima East and Lima Center. The results obtained from this research point to greater investment in the personnel in charge of providing the service, an improvement in training processes and the strengthening of interinstitutional coordination. Likewise, the study shows findings on structural problems that exceed the competencies and sphere of influence of the DPE, and that affect the service provided by the UPE. In this sense, the recommendations aim at improving personnel selection processes, continuous training, and current working conditions, as well as strengthening inter-institutional coordination.
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Keywords
Bienestar infantil--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Empleados públicos, Capacitación de--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Procedimiento administrativo--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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