Informe jurídico de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional N° 05652-2007-PA/TC
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2022-08-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente informe, el autor analiza los problemas que se desprenden de los hechos
señalados en la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional. Entre estos, se encuentran la
determinación del tipo de relación contractual existente entre la demandante y la entidad
demandada, con énfasis en la dicotomía entre la contratación de naturaleza civil y laboral, y
la existencia de un despido nulo, así como la delimitación de su tipología y posibles efectos
ante una confusión o mal uso de la misma en la institución de la carga de la prueba. Para
alcanzar el objetivo, se utilizan diversas fuentes doctrinarias, así como una pluralidad de
instrumentos normativos, como la legislación nacional, la Constitución y el marco
internacional referido a los Convenios de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo.
Respecto de las conclusiones del trabajo, resulta posible afirmar la existencia de elementos de
subordinación que acrediten la naturaleza laboral del contrato de la demandante; sin embargo,
el análisis ofrecido en la sentencia es bastante acotado, toda vez que se limita a mencionar el
elemento probatorio referido al horario de refrigerio, pero no desarrolla el nexo existente
entre los hechos y el derecho ni brinda otros criterios para reforzar su postura. De igual
forma, parece existir una confusión en las tipologías de despido nulo adscritas al caso, porque
se determina la existencia de un despido discriminatorio por razón de sexo, a pesar de la
existencia de regulación legislativa del despido por motivo de embarazo, lo cual deviene en
efectos importantes en cargas probatorias.
In this report, the author analyses the problems arising from the facts stated in the judgment. Among these are the determination of the type of contractual relationship existing between the plaintiff and the defendant, with emphasis on the dichotomy between civil and labour contracting, and the existence of a null dismissal, as well as the delimitation of its typology and possible effects in the face of confusion or misuse in the institution of the burden of proof. In order to achieve this objective, various doctrinal sources are used, as well as a plurality of normative instruments, such as national legislation, the Constitution and the international framework referring to the Conventions of the International Labour Organisation. With regard to the conclusions of the work, it is possible to affirm the existence of elements of subordination that accredit the labour nature of the plaintiff's contract; however, the analysis offered in the judgement is quite limited, since it is limited to mentioning the evidentiary element referring to the refreshment schedule, but does not develop the existing link between the facts and the law, nor does it offer other criteria to reinforce its position. Similarly, there seems to be confusion in the typologies of null dismissal ascribed to the case, because it determines the existence of a discriminatory dismissal on grounds of sex, despite the existence of legislative regulation of dismissal on grounds of pregnancy, which results in significant effects on the burden of proof.
In this report, the author analyses the problems arising from the facts stated in the judgment. Among these are the determination of the type of contractual relationship existing between the plaintiff and the defendant, with emphasis on the dichotomy between civil and labour contracting, and the existence of a null dismissal, as well as the delimitation of its typology and possible effects in the face of confusion or misuse in the institution of the burden of proof. In order to achieve this objective, various doctrinal sources are used, as well as a plurality of normative instruments, such as national legislation, the Constitution and the international framework referring to the Conventions of the International Labour Organisation. With regard to the conclusions of the work, it is possible to affirm the existence of elements of subordination that accredit the labour nature of the plaintiff's contract; however, the analysis offered in the judgement is quite limited, since it is limited to mentioning the evidentiary element referring to the refreshment schedule, but does not develop the existing link between the facts and the law, nor does it offer other criteria to reinforce its position. Similarly, there seems to be confusion in the typologies of null dismissal ascribed to the case, because it determines the existence of a discriminatory dismissal on grounds of sex, despite the existence of legislative regulation of dismissal on grounds of pregnancy, which results in significant effects on the burden of proof.
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Tribunales constitucionales--Sentencias--Perú, Mujeres embarazadas--Empleo--Perú, Despido de empleados--Perú, Discriminación, Derecho laboral--Perú
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