Informe jurídico sobre la sentencia del expediente Nº 03922-2021-PA/TC
Date
2025-03-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
La ratificación de magistrados en el Perú es una función conferida a la Junta Nacional de Justicia
(JNJ), antes Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura, a través del artículo 154 numeral 2 de la
Constitución, siendo modificada mediante la Ley Nº 30904 (Ley de Reforma Constitucional sobre
la conformación y funciones de la Junta Nacional de Justicia). El escenario previo a la
modificatoria no era claro con respecto a la obligación de motivar las resoluciones del Consejo
Nacional de la Magistratura (CNM) tal como lo establece el artículo 142 de la Constitución.
Sin embargo, el Tribunal Constitucional, a través de su jurisprudencia y recurriendo al principio
de unidad y método de integración, estableció el deber de motivación a las resoluciones del
Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura, fijándose como precedente vinculante la STC N.º 1412-
2007-AA/TC, en el cual se obliga a que todas las resoluciones del CNM deben estar motivadas
“sin importar el tiempo en que se hayan emitido” (Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional , 2009)
Con la modificatoria del artículo 154 de la Constitución se estableció que, en los casos de
ratificación de magistrados, el voto emitido por los consejeros sea público y se prescribió la
exigencia de la motivación de las resoluciones administrativas de la JNJ.
Del análisis de la sentencia 03922- 2021-PA/TC, demostraré que no se cumple con el deber de
motivación y no se ha establecido un estándar de motivación para las resoluciones de la JNJ,
asimismo analizaré los límites de juez constitucional al realizar el control externo de las
resoluciones de la JNJ.
The ratification of magistrates in Peru is a function assigned to the National Board of Justice (JNJ), formerly the National Council of the Magistrature (CNM), through Article 154, paragraph 2 of the Constitution. This provision was amended by Law No. 30904 (Law of Constitutional Reform on the Composition and Functions of the National Board of Justice). The scenario prior to the amendment was unclear regarding the obligation to provide reasoning for the resolutions of the National Council of the Magistrature, as established in Article 142 of the Constitution. However, the Constitutional Court, through its jurisprudence and by applying the principle of unity and the method of integration, established the duty to provide reasoning for the resolutions issued by the National Council of the Magistrature. This was set as binding precedent in Judgment No. 1412-2007-AA/TC, which mandates that all CNM resolutions must be reasoned “regardless of the time at which they were issued” (Constitutional Court Ruling, 2009). With the amendment to Article 154 of the Constitution, it was established that, in cases of magistrate ratification, the votes cast by council members must be public, and the requirement for administrative resolutions of the JNJ to be reasoned was prescribed. From the analysis of Judgment No. 03922-2021-PA/TC, I will demonstrate that the duty to provide reasoning is not being fulfilled, and a standard for reasoning in JNJ resolutions has not been established. Furthermore, I will analyze the limitations of the constitutional judge in conducting external reviews of JNJ resolutions.
The ratification of magistrates in Peru is a function assigned to the National Board of Justice (JNJ), formerly the National Council of the Magistrature (CNM), through Article 154, paragraph 2 of the Constitution. This provision was amended by Law No. 30904 (Law of Constitutional Reform on the Composition and Functions of the National Board of Justice). The scenario prior to the amendment was unclear regarding the obligation to provide reasoning for the resolutions of the National Council of the Magistrature, as established in Article 142 of the Constitution. However, the Constitutional Court, through its jurisprudence and by applying the principle of unity and the method of integration, established the duty to provide reasoning for the resolutions issued by the National Council of the Magistrature. This was set as binding precedent in Judgment No. 1412-2007-AA/TC, which mandates that all CNM resolutions must be reasoned “regardless of the time at which they were issued” (Constitutional Court Ruling, 2009). With the amendment to Article 154 of the Constitution, it was established that, in cases of magistrate ratification, the votes cast by council members must be public, and the requirement for administrative resolutions of the JNJ to be reasoned was prescribed. From the analysis of Judgment No. 03922-2021-PA/TC, I will demonstrate that the duty to provide reasoning is not being fulfilled, and a standard for reasoning in JNJ resolutions has not been established. Furthermore, I will analyze the limitations of the constitutional judge in conducting external reviews of JNJ resolutions.
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Derecho constitucional--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Sentencias--Perú, Perú. Tribunal Constitucional, Administración de justicia--Perú
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