Diagnóstico y mejora de los procesos de negocios de las áreas de operaciones y créditos para prevenir el fraude interno, en una entidad microfinanciera
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente tesis tiene como finalidad diagnosticar y mejorar los procesos de
negocio en las áreas de operaciones y créditos de una entidad microfinanciera
peruana, con el objetivo de prevenir delitos no violentos, específicamente el fraude
interno. El estudio parte de la necesidad de fortalecer la seguridad y la confianza
en instituciones que atienden a poblaciones vulnerables, donde el riesgo de fraude
interno puede comprometer la sostenibilidad y reputación organizacional.
Para alcanzar este propósito, se propone una estrategia integral basada en la
aplicación de herramientas Lean y Sistemas de Gestión del Conocimiento (SGC).
Estas herramientas buscan optimizar procesos, reducir oportunidades de fraude y
fomentar una cultura organizacional orientada a la ética y la transparencia. La
propuesta incluye la creación de protocolos estandarizados, mecanismos de
control y un canal interno de denuncias, así como la formación de un departamento
especializado en Delitos No Violentos.
La metodología utilizada combina el análisis FODA, matrices de priorización,
entrevistas semiestructuradas y la propuesta de aplicación de Lean y SGC en las
áreas críticas. Se identificaron y priorizaron causas de fraude mediante matrices
de impacto-frecuencia y FACTIS, permitiendo diseñar contramedidas adaptadas
a la realidad de la entidad. El plan de control contempla capacitación continua,
auditorías periódicas y monitoreo de indicadores clave para asegurar la
sostenibilidad de las mejoras.
Desde el punto de vista económico, la propuesta demuestra su viabilidad al
proyectar ahorros anuales superiores a PEN 776,000.00, una inversión inicial de
PEN 85,000.00 y gastos mensuales recurrentes de PEN 8,800.00 El análisis
financiero arroja un VAN positivo de 295,819.34 y una TIR de 65,60%, validando
la rentabilidad y sostenibilidad de la implementación de las mejoras propuestas.
The purpose of this thesis is to diagnose and improve business processes in the operations and lending areas of a Peruvian microfinance institution, with the goal of preventing nonviolent crimes, specifically internal fraud. The study is based on the need to strengthen security and trust in institutions that serve vulnerable populations, where the risk of internal fraud can compromise organizational sustainability and reputation. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive strategy based on the application of Lean tools and Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) is proposed. These tools seek to optimize processes, reduce opportunities for fraud, and foster an organizational culture oriented toward ethics and transparency. The proposal includes the creation of standardized protocols, control mechanisms, and an internal reporting channel, as well as the formation of a specialized department for Nonviolent Crimes. The methodology used combines SWOT analysis, prioritization matrices, semistructured interviews, and the proposed application of Lean and KMS in critical areas. Fraud causes were identified and prioritized using impact-frequency matrices and FACTIS, allowing for the design of countermeasures tailored to the entity's reality. The control plan includes ongoing training, periodic audits, and monitoring of key indicators to ensure the sustainability of the improvements. From an economic perspective, the proposal demonstrates its viability by projecting annual savings of over PEN 776,000.00, an initial investment of PEN 85,000.00, and recurring monthly expenses of PEN 8,800.00. The financial analysis yields a positive NPV of 295,819.34 and an IRR of 65.60%, validating the profitability and sustainability of implementing the proposed improvements.
The purpose of this thesis is to diagnose and improve business processes in the operations and lending areas of a Peruvian microfinance institution, with the goal of preventing nonviolent crimes, specifically internal fraud. The study is based on the need to strengthen security and trust in institutions that serve vulnerable populations, where the risk of internal fraud can compromise organizational sustainability and reputation. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive strategy based on the application of Lean tools and Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) is proposed. These tools seek to optimize processes, reduce opportunities for fraud, and foster an organizational culture oriented toward ethics and transparency. The proposal includes the creation of standardized protocols, control mechanisms, and an internal reporting channel, as well as the formation of a specialized department for Nonviolent Crimes. The methodology used combines SWOT analysis, prioritization matrices, semistructured interviews, and the proposed application of Lean and KMS in critical areas. Fraud causes were identified and prioritized using impact-frequency matrices and FACTIS, allowing for the design of countermeasures tailored to the entity's reality. The control plan includes ongoing training, periodic audits, and monitoring of key indicators to ensure the sustainability of the improvements. From an economic perspective, the proposal demonstrates its viability by projecting annual savings of over PEN 776,000.00, an initial investment of PEN 85,000.00, and recurring monthly expenses of PEN 8,800.00. The financial analysis yields a positive NPV of 295,819.34 and an IRR of 65.60%, validating the profitability and sustainability of implementing the proposed improvements.
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Gestión del conocimiento, Control de procesos, Producción--Administración, Empleados--Capacitación
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