Informe jurídico sobre la resolución CONSASEV N° 047-2009-EF/94.01.1
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
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La Resolución CONASEV N.° 047-2009-EF/94.01.1 resuelve el recurso de apelación de
Clarion y Ross Beaty contra la medida cautelar que suspendió provisionalmente el ejercicio
de los derechos políticos de parte de sus acciones en SIMSA, sobre la base de una presunta
actuación concertada destinada a eludir la obligación de formular una oferta pública de
adquisición (OPA) obligatoria. El problema central del informe consiste en determinar si, bajo
el régimen peruano de OPA previo a 2011, la actuación concertada se encontraba
suficientemente tipificada como supuesto generador de la obligación de OPA, y si, a partir de
ello, se cumplían los presupuestos de verosimilitud del derecho, peligro en la demora y
proporcionalidad exigidos para la adopción de una medida cautelar administrativa de
suspensión de derechos políticos conforme al artículo 611 del Código Procesal Civil y al
artículo 72 de la Ley del Mercado de Valores.
El análisis combina: (i) el examen del marco normativo de las OPAs antes y después de 2011,
la jerarquía normativa y la reserva de ley en materia sancionadora; (ii) la jurisprudencia
relevante y (iii) la doctrina sobre prueba indiciaria, verdad material y medidas cautelares
administrativas, así como un estudio detallado de los indicios valorados por CONASEV en el
caso SIMSA.
El trabajo concluye, en primer lugar, que antes de la reforma de 2011 existía un déficit de
tipicidad: la configuración de la actuación concertada como supuesto de OPA obligatoria se
encontraba solo a nivel reglamentario, lo que tensiona la reserva de ley y la prohibición de
analogía in malam partem en el derecho administrativo sancionador. En segundo lugar, si
bien concurren múltiples indicios de coordinación, estos no alcanzan el estándar de
verosimilitud exigible ni siquiera a nivel cautelar, al no descartar razonablemente hipótesis
alternativas. Finalmente, se sostiene que, aunque la suspensión de derechos políticos es en
abstracto un instrumento idóneo y necesario para asegurar la eficacia de la sanción y proteger
a los accionistas minoritarios, en el caso concreto la ausencia de verosimilitud impide
considerar proporcional la medida acordada en la resolución impugnada.
This legal report analyzes CONASEV Resolution No. 047-2009-EF/94.01.1, which ruled on the appeal filed by Clarion and Ross Beaty against the interim measure that temporarily suspended the exercise of political rights attached to part of their shares in SIMSA, based on an alleged acting in concert aimed at circumventing the mandatory tender offer (OPA) regime. The core question is whether, under the Peruvian takeover rules in force before the 2011 reform, acting in concert was sufficiently defined in law as a trigger for the mandatory OPA, and whether, on that basis, the requirements of fumus boni iuris, periculum in mora and proportionality for adopting an administrative interim measure of suspension of voting rights – pursuant to Article 611 of the Civil Procedural Code and Article 72 of the Securities Market Law– were actually met. The analysis combines: (i) a systematic review of the legal framework of tender offers before and after 2011, focusing on normative hierarchy and the statutory reserve principle in sanctioning law; (ii) case law, particularly the Supreme Court’s Andahuasi decision and relevant constitutional rulings; and (iii) doctrinal developments on circumstantial evidence, the principle of material truth and administrative interim measures, together with a detailed assessment of the evidentiary indicia considered by CONASEV in the SIMSA case. The report concludes, first, that prior to the 2011 reform there was a deficit of legality and typification: acting in concert as a mandatory OPA trigger was only set out at regulatory level, which conflicts with the statutory reserve and the prohibition of analogy in malam partem in administrative sanctioning law. Second, although several indicia point towards some degree of coordination, they do not reach the required standard of plausibility, since reasonable alternative explanations were not ruled out. Finally, while the suspension of political rights is, in abstract, an appropriate and necessary tool to secure the effectiveness of sanctions and to protect minority shareholders, in this specific case the lack of sufficient fumus boni iuris prevents the interim measure from being considered proportionate.
This legal report analyzes CONASEV Resolution No. 047-2009-EF/94.01.1, which ruled on the appeal filed by Clarion and Ross Beaty against the interim measure that temporarily suspended the exercise of political rights attached to part of their shares in SIMSA, based on an alleged acting in concert aimed at circumventing the mandatory tender offer (OPA) regime. The core question is whether, under the Peruvian takeover rules in force before the 2011 reform, acting in concert was sufficiently defined in law as a trigger for the mandatory OPA, and whether, on that basis, the requirements of fumus boni iuris, periculum in mora and proportionality for adopting an administrative interim measure of suspension of voting rights – pursuant to Article 611 of the Civil Procedural Code and Article 72 of the Securities Market Law– were actually met. The analysis combines: (i) a systematic review of the legal framework of tender offers before and after 2011, focusing on normative hierarchy and the statutory reserve principle in sanctioning law; (ii) case law, particularly the Supreme Court’s Andahuasi decision and relevant constitutional rulings; and (iii) doctrinal developments on circumstantial evidence, the principle of material truth and administrative interim measures, together with a detailed assessment of the evidentiary indicia considered by CONASEV in the SIMSA case. The report concludes, first, that prior to the 2011 reform there was a deficit of legality and typification: acting in concert as a mandatory OPA trigger was only set out at regulatory level, which conflicts with the statutory reserve and the prohibition of analogy in malam partem in administrative sanctioning law. Second, although several indicia point towards some degree of coordination, they do not reach the required standard of plausibility, since reasonable alternative explanations were not ruled out. Finally, while the suspension of political rights is, in abstract, an appropriate and necessary tool to secure the effectiveness of sanctions and to protect minority shareholders, in this specific case the lack of sufficient fumus boni iuris prevents the interim measure from being considered proportionate.
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Palabras clave
Medidas cautelares (Procedimiento civil), Ofertas públicas de adquisición de acciones, Prueba indiciaria, Derecho societario--Jurisprudencia--Perú