El acceso continuo a métodos anticonceptivos modernos a través del Programa de Planificación Familiar en el departamento de Pasco (2019-2020)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El acceso a métodos anticonceptivos modernos resulta esencial en la vida de
las personas para poder decidir qué tipo de cuidado se desea mantener en su salud
sexual y reproductiva. Aunque existen medios para poder acceder a tales métodos,
también están presentes barreras que pueden obstaculizar el acceso continuo de
parte de la población. Factores como la falta de información sobre el funcionamiento
de los métodos o aspectos socioculturales pueden terminar por limitar el alcance a
quienes requieren y desean utilizar anticonceptivos.
Para cubrir esta necesidad, los gobiernos han buscado garantizar la
transmisión de información, promoción y gratuidad de anticonceptivos modernos a
través del programa de Planificación Familiar, el cual es desarrollado por diversos
países. En el caso peruano, esta tesis estudia el acceso continuo a métodos
anticonceptivos modernos a partir de la implementación del programa de Planificación
Familiar en la región de Pasco durante los años 2019 y 2020.
El objetivo de esta investigación es explicar el porcentaje de acceso continuo a
métodos anticonceptivos modernos en esta región. La selección del caso y período
de análisis se debe a que el programa de Planificación Familiar mantiene desafíos en
su implementación a nivel nacional, pero el caso de Pasco resulta de especial interés
debido a que alcanzó porcentajes superiores al promedio en acceso continuo a
métodos modernos en comparación con el resto del país a pesar de evidenciar
problemas estructurales en su sistema de salud. Además, durante el primer año de la
pandemia de la Covid-19, esta región mantuvo los mismos porcentajes de acceso
mientras que en otros departamentos el uso de anticonceptivos se vio reducido.
Para explicar ello, se recurre a un estudio de caso único y se utilizan métodos
cualitativos para examinar la implementación del programa de Planificación Familiar
en esta región. La tesis encuentra que el trabajo coordinado dentro de las redes de
salud a nivel local y la adquisición de anticonceptivos modernos por parte de la
Dirección de Salud de Pasco han facilitado el acceso continuo a estos métodos a
través de esta política en medio de los desafíos existentes.
Access to modern contraceptive methods is essential in people's lives in order to be able to decide what type of care they want to maintain in their sexual and reproductive health. Although there are means to access such methods, there are also barriers that may hinder the continued access by part of the population. Factors such as lack of information on how the methods work or socio-cultural aspects can end up limiting the reach of those who require and wish to use contraceptives. To cover this need, governments have sought to guarantee the transmission of information on contraceptives, the promotion of contraceptive use, and the access to free modern contraceptives through the family planning program, which is developed by several countries. This thesis studies the continuous access to modern contraceptive methods in the Peruvian case through the implementation of the family planning program in the Pasco region in 2019 and 2020. The objective of this research is to explain the percentage of continuous access to modern contraceptive methods in this region. The selection of the case and period of analysis is due to the fact that the family planning program maintains challenges in its implementation at the national level, but the case of Pasco is of special interest because it reached above-average percentages in continuous access to modern methods compared to the rest of the country despite evidence of structural problems in its health system. In addition, during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, this region maintained the same access percentages while in other departments contraceptive use was reduced. To try to explain this, a single case study and qualitative methods are used to examine the implementation of the family planning program in this region. This thesis finds that the coordinated work inside local health networks and the acquisition of modern contraceptives by the Dirección de Salud de Pasco has facilitated the continued access to these methods through the family planning program despite the existing challenges.
Access to modern contraceptive methods is essential in people's lives in order to be able to decide what type of care they want to maintain in their sexual and reproductive health. Although there are means to access such methods, there are also barriers that may hinder the continued access by part of the population. Factors such as lack of information on how the methods work or socio-cultural aspects can end up limiting the reach of those who require and wish to use contraceptives. To cover this need, governments have sought to guarantee the transmission of information on contraceptives, the promotion of contraceptive use, and the access to free modern contraceptives through the family planning program, which is developed by several countries. This thesis studies the continuous access to modern contraceptive methods in the Peruvian case through the implementation of the family planning program in the Pasco region in 2019 and 2020. The objective of this research is to explain the percentage of continuous access to modern contraceptive methods in this region. The selection of the case and period of analysis is due to the fact that the family planning program maintains challenges in its implementation at the national level, but the case of Pasco is of special interest because it reached above-average percentages in continuous access to modern methods compared to the rest of the country despite evidence of structural problems in its health system. In addition, during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, this region maintained the same access percentages while in other departments contraceptive use was reduced. To try to explain this, a single case study and qualitative methods are used to examine the implementation of the family planning program in this region. This thesis finds that the coordinated work inside local health networks and the acquisition of modern contraceptives by the Dirección de Salud de Pasco has facilitated the continued access to these methods through the family planning program despite the existing challenges.
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Planificación familiar--Política gubernamental--Perú--Pasco, Anticonceptivos--Perú--Pasco
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