Héroes, magia y nuevos órdenes mundiales: un análisis narratológico de las fake news durante la pandemia del COVID-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta investigación parte de la hipótesis de que las noticias falsas acerca de la pandemia del coronavirus
no solo construyen su credibilidad al presentarse como si fueran informaciones verídicas, sino también
a partir de disponerse como relatos que son lógicos en sí mismos y que explotan ideas preconcebidas,
ampliamente difundidas en la sociedad, sobre los gobiernos, las corporaciones, la tecnología y los
remedios caseros. Es decir, a pesar de no tener contar con coherencia científica, estos textos cuentan
con la coherencia propia de la ficción, ya que construyen mundos autónomos que instrumentalizan
imaginarios preexistentes, como el imaginario distópico, el tecnoapocalíptico y el mágico. Así, esta
investigación analiza 46 noticias falsas que se difundieron durante el 2020 y el 2021 desde una
perspectiva narratológica con el objetivo de identificar sus estructuras y estrategias discursivas. Para
ello se vale de aproximaciones de la narratología clásica y posclásica, como los marcos teóricos de
Vladimir Propp, Gerard Genette, Lubomir Dolezel, Monika Fludernik y Marie-Laure Ryan, además de
la definición de los géneros narrativos de la distopía, la ciencia ficción y el realismo mágico. La
finalidad es examinar cómo las noticias falsas se construyen como relatos verosímiles al valerse de
estructuras narrativas reconocibles en cuentos tradicionales y al orquestar la materia de lo narrado de
forma estratégica, haciendo un uso interesado de los instrumentos de construcción del discurso como la
voz, el tiempo, entre otros.
This research is based on the hypothesis that fake news about the coronavirus pandemic not only builds credibility by presenting itself as truthful information, but also by presenting itself as stories that are logical in themselves and exploit preconceived ideas, widely disseminated in society, about governments, corporations, technology, and home remedies. In other words, despite lacking scientific coherence, these texts have the coherence of fiction, as they construct autonomous worlds that exploit pre-existing imaginaries, such as dystopian, techno-apocalyptic, and magical imaginaries. Thus, this research analyzes 46 pieces of fake news that were disseminated during 2020 and 2021 from a narratological perspective with the aim of identifying their structures and discursive strategies. To this end, it draws on approaches from classical and post-classical narratology, such as the theoretical frameworks of Vladimir Propp, Gerard Genette, Lubomir Dolezel, Monika Fludernik, and Marie-Laure Ryan, as well as the definition of the narrative genres of dystopia, science fiction, and magical realism. The aim is to examine how fake news are constructed as plausible narratives by using narrative structures recognizable in traditional stories and by strategically orchestrating the subject matter of the narrative, making deliberate use of the tools of discourse construction.
This research is based on the hypothesis that fake news about the coronavirus pandemic not only builds credibility by presenting itself as truthful information, but also by presenting itself as stories that are logical in themselves and exploit preconceived ideas, widely disseminated in society, about governments, corporations, technology, and home remedies. In other words, despite lacking scientific coherence, these texts have the coherence of fiction, as they construct autonomous worlds that exploit pre-existing imaginaries, such as dystopian, techno-apocalyptic, and magical imaginaries. Thus, this research analyzes 46 pieces of fake news that were disseminated during 2020 and 2021 from a narratological perspective with the aim of identifying their structures and discursive strategies. To this end, it draws on approaches from classical and post-classical narratology, such as the theoretical frameworks of Vladimir Propp, Gerard Genette, Lubomir Dolezel, Monika Fludernik, and Marie-Laure Ryan, as well as the definition of the narrative genres of dystopia, science fiction, and magical realism. The aim is to examine how fake news are constructed as plausible narratives by using narrative structures recognizable in traditional stories and by strategically orchestrating the subject matter of the narrative, making deliberate use of the tools of discourse construction.
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Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020- --Aspectos sociales, Noticias falsas, Desinformación, Alfabetización informacional, Alfabetización mediática
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