Informe jurídico sobre la sentencia de la Sala Civil de Lima No 19702-1997 (Exp. Sala Civil De Lima No 1150-2001) sobre responsabilidad civil médica
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
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Este trabajo examina la sentencia definitiva del expediente No 19702-1997 sobre
responsabilidad civil médica, empleando doctrina, legislación y jurisprudencia
especializada del Perú. El examen se orienta hacia la imputabilidad de los facultativos
sanitarios y a la operatividad de las doctrinas res ipsa loquitur y de la transmutación del
onus probandi, subrayando la trascendencia de tales artificios procesales dentro del
ámbito de la responsabilidad galénica. Se escrutan las posturas dogmáticas más
influyentes del ordenamiento peruano, con particular relieve en los parámetros que
delimitan la atribución de responsabilidad a médicos y nosocomios, así como en los
presupuestos indispensables para la viabilidad de la compensación por menoscabo y
detrimento. El trabajo enfatiza la parvedad de indagaciones recientes acerca del empleo
de res ipsa loquitur y de la carga dinámica de la probanza en supuestos de desidia médica
en el Perú, circunstancia que impulsa un desmenuzamiento pormenorizado de la
jurisprudencia doméstica y de las corrientes doctrinarias hegemónicas. Igualmente, se
ausculta la mutación de la responsabilidad civil médica en el territorio nacional, incluyendo
la polémica en torno a su carácter sinalagmático o extracontractual y la eventual
mancomunidad obligacional entre facultativos y entidades hospitalarias. En su desenlace,
la investigación aboga por robustecer la praxis de doctrinas tales como res ipsa loquitur y
la inversión del peso probatorio en la liturgia judicial peruana, con el objeto de alcanzar
mayor celeridad procedimental y una tutela más sólida de los derechos del paciente,
atendiendo a la intrincada naturaleza probatoria y a la disparidad informativa que tipifican
los litigios por responsabilidad médica. La sentencia objeto de análisis cobra singular
pertinencia, al nutrir el debate contemporáneo sobre la actualización del régimen de
responsabilidad civil sanitaria en el Perú y sobre la urgencia de articular dispositivos
procesales que garanticen una protección eficaz frente a los estragos emanados de la
praxis defectuosa.
This paper examines the final judgment of case No. 19702-1997 on medical civil liability, using Peruvian doctrine, legislation, and specialized jurisprudence. The analysis focuses on the liability of healthcare professionals and the application of the doctrines of res ipsa loquitur and the reversal of the burden of proof, highlighting the relevance of these procedural mechanisms in the context of medical liability. The main doctrinal positions within the Peruvian system are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the criteria for determining the liability of doctors and clinics, as well as the necessary elements for awarding damages. The study underscores the scarcity of recent research on the application of res ipsa loquitur and the dynamic burden of proof in cases of medical negligence in Peru, which motivates a detailed analysis of national jurisprudence and prevailing doctrinal positions. It also examines the evolution of medical civil liability in the country, including the ongoing discussion about whether this liability is contractual or non-contractual in nature and the issue of joint liability between professionals and healthcare institutions. Finally, the paper proposes strengthening the use of doctrines such as res ipsa loquitur and the reversal of the burden of proof in Peruvian judicial practice to achieve greater procedural efficiency and better protection of patients' rights, considering the evidentiary complexity and information asymmetry inherent in medical liability litigation. The judgment analyzed is particularly relevant as it contributes to the current debate on modernizing Peru's system of medical civil liability and the need for procedural mechanisms that ensure effective protection against harm resulting from professional malpractice.
This paper examines the final judgment of case No. 19702-1997 on medical civil liability, using Peruvian doctrine, legislation, and specialized jurisprudence. The analysis focuses on the liability of healthcare professionals and the application of the doctrines of res ipsa loquitur and the reversal of the burden of proof, highlighting the relevance of these procedural mechanisms in the context of medical liability. The main doctrinal positions within the Peruvian system are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the criteria for determining the liability of doctors and clinics, as well as the necessary elements for awarding damages. The study underscores the scarcity of recent research on the application of res ipsa loquitur and the dynamic burden of proof in cases of medical negligence in Peru, which motivates a detailed analysis of national jurisprudence and prevailing doctrinal positions. It also examines the evolution of medical civil liability in the country, including the ongoing discussion about whether this liability is contractual or non-contractual in nature and the issue of joint liability between professionals and healthcare institutions. Finally, the paper proposes strengthening the use of doctrines such as res ipsa loquitur and the reversal of the burden of proof in Peruvian judicial practice to achieve greater procedural efficiency and better protection of patients' rights, considering the evidentiary complexity and information asymmetry inherent in medical liability litigation. The judgment analyzed is particularly relevant as it contributes to the current debate on modernizing Peru's system of medical civil liability and the need for procedural mechanisms that ensure effective protection against harm resulting from professional malpractice.
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Responsabilidad civil--Perú, Médicos--Responsabilidad civil, Médicos--Legislación--Perú, Derecho civil--Jurisprudencia--Perú