Informe sobre Casación Nro 16564-2024, relativo a la demanda contencioso administrativa interpuesta por Concesionaria IISA Norte S.A. contra la SUNAT y el Tribunal Fiscal respecto a la oportunidad de la deducción del gasto o pérdida por obras adicionales ejecutadas en el 2010
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe jurídico analiza un caso complejo resuelto por la Corte Suprema mediante la Casación N.º 16564-2024, en el que se discute la oportunidad de imputación del gasto por obras adicionales de reparación realizadas por una concesionaria de infraestructura pública, como consecuencia de siniestros ocurridos en una carretera bajo concesión.
Tanto la SUNAT como el Tribunal Fiscal y las instancias judiciales inferiores consideraron que el gasto debía reconocerse en el ejercicio 2009, año en que se estimaron razonablemente los daños, pese a que las obras fueron ejecutadas en 2010. La Corte Suprema revierte este criterio, señalando que el devengo del gasto se configura cuando se realizan las actividades de reparación (hecho sustancial), y no cuando se estima o reconoce preliminarmente.
El análisis se sustenta en los artículos 37 (inciso d) y 57 (inciso a) de la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta, así como en las Normas III, VIII y IX del Título Preliminar del Código Tributario, respecto al uso auxiliar de los criterios contables. Asimismo, se examina cómo la naturaleza jurídico-administrativa del contrato de concesión, bajo la modalidad BOT, influye en la determinación del devengo, dado que los bienes siniestrados no forman parte del patrimonio del concesionario.
Entre las principales conclusiones preliminares, se afirma que las estimaciones, si bien permiten el reconocimiento contable de un gasto, no generan por sí solas efectos tributarios; del mismo modo, el daño en un bien concesionado no implica una erogación deducible si no existe una ejecución efectiva que origine una obligación de pago.
This legal report analyzes a complex case resolved by the Supreme Court through Cassation No. 16564-2024, which addresses the appropriate timing for deducting expenses related to additional repair works carried out by a public infrastructure concessionaire, following damage caused by natural disasters affecting a concessioned highway. Both the Tax Authority (SUNAT), the Tax Court, and the lower judicial instances held that the expense should have been recognized in fiscal year 2009, the year in which the damages were reasonably estimated, despite the fact that the repair works were executed in 2010. The Supreme Court overturned this criterion, holding that the accrual of the expense occurs when the repair activities are actually carried out (i.e., the substantial event), not when the damages are merely estimated or preliminarily recognized. The analysis is based on Articles 37(d) and 57(a) of the Peruvian Income Tax Law, as well as on Preliminary Provisions III, VIII, and IX of the Tax Code, particularly regarding the auxiliary use of accounting criteria. It also examines how the legal-administrative nature of the concession contract, structured under the BOT (Build, Operate and Transfer) model, influences the determination of the accrual moment, given that the damaged assets do not form part of the concessionaire’s patrimony. Among the main preliminary conclusions, it is stated that while estimates may allow for the accounting recognition of an expense, they do not in themselves produce tax effects; likewise, damage to a concessioned asset does not give rise to a deductible expense unless there is actual execution of the works that triggers a payment obligation.
This legal report analyzes a complex case resolved by the Supreme Court through Cassation No. 16564-2024, which addresses the appropriate timing for deducting expenses related to additional repair works carried out by a public infrastructure concessionaire, following damage caused by natural disasters affecting a concessioned highway. Both the Tax Authority (SUNAT), the Tax Court, and the lower judicial instances held that the expense should have been recognized in fiscal year 2009, the year in which the damages were reasonably estimated, despite the fact that the repair works were executed in 2010. The Supreme Court overturned this criterion, holding that the accrual of the expense occurs when the repair activities are actually carried out (i.e., the substantial event), not when the damages are merely estimated or preliminarily recognized. The analysis is based on Articles 37(d) and 57(a) of the Peruvian Income Tax Law, as well as on Preliminary Provisions III, VIII, and IX of the Tax Code, particularly regarding the auxiliary use of accounting criteria. It also examines how the legal-administrative nature of the concession contract, structured under the BOT (Build, Operate and Transfer) model, influences the determination of the accrual moment, given that the damaged assets do not form part of the concessionaire’s patrimony. Among the main preliminary conclusions, it is stated that while estimates may allow for the accounting recognition of an expense, they do not in themselves produce tax effects; likewise, damage to a concessioned asset does not give rise to a deductible expense unless there is actual execution of the works that triggers a payment obligation.
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Perú. Tribunal Fiscal--Jurisprudencia, Recurso de casación--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Concesiones--Legislación--Perú, Impuesto a la renta--Legislación--Perú