Informe sobre la Casación N°123-2023/CALLAO
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente caso esboza el análisis jurídico recaído en la Sentencia de Casación N.
123-2023/Callao, mediante la cual se declaró absolver a Caqui de los Ríos, Aguilar
Novoa, León Gutierrez, y Ricra Huamán, funcionarios de la empresa estatal
ESVICSAC, acusados por el delito de negociación incompatible.
Siendo así, se identificaron dos principales problemas jurídicos. El primero consiste
en la dificultad de determinar al sujeto activo del delito de negociación incompatible,
pues conforme a la normativa, jurisprudencia y doctrina, debe acreditarse la calidad
de ser funcionario público con deberes especiales por razón del cargo. El segundo
radica en la importancia de examinar las irregularidades administrativas detectadas
conforme a la Ley de Contrataciones del Estado y su reglamento, que, con apoyo en
criterios jurisprudenciales y doctrinales, pueden configurar prueba indiciaria suficiente
para acreditar la comisión del delito imputado.
A partir del análisis jurídico efectuado, en primer lugar, se determinó que Ricra
Huamán no reúne los requisitos necesarios para ser considerado autor del delito de
negociación incompatible. Si bien es funcionario público, no posee deberes
especiales derivados de su cargo. Por el contrario, Caqui de los Ríos, Aguilar Novoa
y León Gutiérrez sí ostentan tales requisitos, por lo cual pueden ser considerados
autores del delito. En segundo lugar, para determinar la ilicitud de su conducta se
emplearon indicios que constituyeron ser prueba indiciaria suficiente para acreditar
un interés indebido en favor de un tercero, configurándose así el tipo penal imputado.
En consecuencia, esta investigación coincide parcialmente con la decisión adoptada
por el Juzgado.
This case outlines the legal analysis arising from Cassation Judgment N. 123- 2023/Callao, through which Caqui de los Ríos, Aguilar Novoa, León Gutiérrez, and Ricra Huamán, officials of the state-owned private-law company ESVICSAC, were acquitted after being charged with the offense of incompatible negotiation. Accordingly, two main legal issues were identified. The first consists in the difficulty of determining the active subject of the offense of incompatible negotiation, since, in accordance with applicable legislation, case law, and legal doctrine, it must be established that the individual qualifies as a public official with special duties derived from their position. The second lies in the importance of examining the administrative irregularities detected under the framework of the State Procurement Law and its regulations, which, supported by jurisprudential and doctrinal criteria, may constitute circumstantial evidence sufficient to prove the commission of the alleged offense. Based on the legal analysis conducted, it was first determined that Ricra Huamán does not meet the necessary requirements to be considered the perpetrator of the offense of incompatible negotiation. Although he is a public official, he does not hold special duties inherent to his position. By contrast, Caqui de los Ríos, Aguilar Novoa, and León Gutiérrez do hold such responsibilities and, therefore, may be considered perpetrators of the offense. Secondly, in order to determine the unlawfulness of their conduct, circumstantial evidence was employed, which proved sufficient to demonstrate the existence of an improper interest in favor of a third party, thus meeting the elements of the alleged criminal offense. Consequently, this analysis partially agrees with the decision adopted by the court.
This case outlines the legal analysis arising from Cassation Judgment N. 123- 2023/Callao, through which Caqui de los Ríos, Aguilar Novoa, León Gutiérrez, and Ricra Huamán, officials of the state-owned private-law company ESVICSAC, were acquitted after being charged with the offense of incompatible negotiation. Accordingly, two main legal issues were identified. The first consists in the difficulty of determining the active subject of the offense of incompatible negotiation, since, in accordance with applicable legislation, case law, and legal doctrine, it must be established that the individual qualifies as a public official with special duties derived from their position. The second lies in the importance of examining the administrative irregularities detected under the framework of the State Procurement Law and its regulations, which, supported by jurisprudential and doctrinal criteria, may constitute circumstantial evidence sufficient to prove the commission of the alleged offense. Based on the legal analysis conducted, it was first determined that Ricra Huamán does not meet the necessary requirements to be considered the perpetrator of the offense of incompatible negotiation. Although he is a public official, he does not hold special duties inherent to his position. By contrast, Caqui de los Ríos, Aguilar Novoa, and León Gutiérrez do hold such responsibilities and, therefore, may be considered perpetrators of the offense. Secondly, in order to determine the unlawfulness of their conduct, circumstantial evidence was employed, which proved sufficient to demonstrate the existence of an improper interest in favor of a third party, thus meeting the elements of the alleged criminal offense. Consequently, this analysis partially agrees with the decision adopted by the court.
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Palabras clave
Perú. Corte Suprema de Justicia--Jurisprudencia, Derecho penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Recurso de casación--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Funcionarios públicos--Perú, Contratos públicos--Legislación--Perú