Modelo Prolab: AQuaUV, una propuesta sostenible para mejorar el acceso al agua potable de calidad en el Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El acceso a agua potable de calidad continúa siendo un desafío estructural en el Perú.
Aunque el país cuenta con abundantes recursos hídricos, persisten profundas desigualdades,
especialmente en zonas rurales. Según el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática
(INEI, 2024), el 21.3 % de la población rural no tiene acceso a agua a través de una red
pública, lo que obliga a muchas familias a depender de fuentes inseguras como cisternas,
pozos y ríos, aumentando significativamente el riesgo de enfermedades transmitidas por el
agua. Esta realidad se traduce también en un impacto sanitario preocupante, reflejado en el
aumento del 3.7 % de los casos de enfermedades diarreicas agudas en el último año (MINSA,
2024).
Frente a esta problemática, se desarrolló una solución tecnológica innovadora que
consiste en un sistema portátil de purificación de agua que combina filtración mecánica,
desinfección mediante rayos UV y energía solar. El diseño fue elaborado con enfoque
centrado en el usuario, validado en comunidades de Ucayali y Piura, y responde a tres
Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: salud y bienestar (ODS 3), agua limpia y saneamiento
(ODS 6), y reducción de desigualdades (ODS 10). El prototipo fue bien recibido por los
usuarios, destacando su facilidad de instalación (80 %) y portabilidad (100%). Desde el
enfoque de negocio, el proyecto demuestra viabilidad financiera. La inversión inicial se
estima en S/ 459,127 y proyecta ingresos por S/ 6,226,426 al quinto año. El análisis
financiero arroja un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de S/ 1,562,074 y una Tasa Interna de Retorno
(TIR) de 248 %, superando ampliamente el costo de oportunidad estimado en 13.13 %.
Además, se ha elaborado un plan de operaciones escalable, con inicio en Pucallpa y
proyección hacia otras regiones con alta demanda insatisfecha como la ciudad de Piura.
Access to quality drinking water continues to be a structural challenge in Peru. Although the country has abundant water resources, deep inequalities persist, especially in rural areas. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI, 2024), 21.3% of the rural population lacks access to water through a public network, forcing many families to rely on unsafe sources such as cisterns, wells, and rivers, significantly increasing the risk of waterborne diseases. This reality also translates into a worrying health impact, reflected in the 3.7% increase in cases of acute diarrheal diseases in the last year (MINSA, 2024). In response to this problem, an innovative technological solution was developed consisting of a portable water purification system that combines mechanical filtration, UV disinfection, and solar energy. The design was developed with a user-centered approach, validated in communities in Ucayali and Piura, and addresses three Sustainable Development Goals: good health and well-being (SDG 3), clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), and reduction of inequalities (SDG 10). The prototype was well received by users, highlighting its ease of installation (80%) and portability (100%). From a business perspective, the project demonstrates financial viability. The initial investment is estimated at S/ 459,127 and projects revenues of S/ 6,226,426 in the fifth year. The financial analysis shows a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/ 1,562,074 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 248%, far exceeding the estimated opportunity cost of 13.13%. In addition, a scalable operations plan has been developed, starting in Pucallpa and expanding to other regions with high unmet demand, such as the city of Piura.
Access to quality drinking water continues to be a structural challenge in Peru. Although the country has abundant water resources, deep inequalities persist, especially in rural areas. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI, 2024), 21.3% of the rural population lacks access to water through a public network, forcing many families to rely on unsafe sources such as cisterns, wells, and rivers, significantly increasing the risk of waterborne diseases. This reality also translates into a worrying health impact, reflected in the 3.7% increase in cases of acute diarrheal diseases in the last year (MINSA, 2024). In response to this problem, an innovative technological solution was developed consisting of a portable water purification system that combines mechanical filtration, UV disinfection, and solar energy. The design was developed with a user-centered approach, validated in communities in Ucayali and Piura, and addresses three Sustainable Development Goals: good health and well-being (SDG 3), clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), and reduction of inequalities (SDG 10). The prototype was well received by users, highlighting its ease of installation (80%) and portability (100%). From a business perspective, the project demonstrates financial viability. The initial investment is estimated at S/ 459,127 and projects revenues of S/ 6,226,426 in the fifth year. The financial analysis shows a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/ 1,562,074 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 248%, far exceeding the estimated opportunity cost of 13.13%. In addition, a scalable operations plan has been developed, starting in Pucallpa and expanding to other regions with high unmet demand, such as the city of Piura.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Agua potable--Abastecimiento--Perú--Zonas rurales, Agua--Purificación, Calidad del agua
Citación
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