La idea del Congreso Económico Nacional (1931-1979): análisis y vigencia desde la economía política institucionalista
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El Perú no cuenta con estrategias de desarrollo económico definidas o, al
menos, sus disposiciones no gozan de incidencia y legitimidad. Similarmente, el
país sufre de enormes brechas de no-diálogo entre capital, trabajo y Estado. La
presente tesis pretende dos objetivos. Por un lado, estudia la idea del Congreso
Económico Nacional propuesta por Haya de la Torre en 1931 y desarrollada hasta
su muerte en 1979. Esta fue planteada como una asamblea que recibe la
representación (en tercios) del empresariado, los trabajadores y tecnócratas para
formular en conjunto planes de desarrollo. Se reseña la historia de la idea (sus
versiones y los contextos en los que se inscriben) para comprender así la
imposibilidad de su materialización a lo largo del siglo XX. Por otro lado, el ensayo
evalúa la vigencia de la propuesta a la luz de los principales consensos dentro de
la escuela de pensamiento de la Economía Política Institucionalista. De tal manera,
se encuentra que los postulados de esta literatura hallan contestación en la idea
del Congreso Económico: promoción del diálogo entre agentes productivos,
fomento de la participación política, formulación de proyectos que gocen de
legitimidad, continuidad de las estrategias en el tiempo, escepticismo frente a
recetas universales y visiones de largo aliento. Como lo requiere la economía
política contemporánea, la tesis lleva un componente de propuesta de cambio y
defensa explícita de alternativas institucionales concretas.
Peru lacks defined strategies for economic development, or, at least, its provisions lack influence and legitimacy. Similarly, the country suffers from huge gaps in non-dialogue between capital, labor, and the State. This thesis aims at two objectives. On the one hand, it studies the idea of the National Economic Congress proposed by Haya de la Torre in 1931 and developed until his death in 1979. This was conceived as an assembly that receives representation -in thirds- from entrepreneurs, workers, and technocrats to jointly formulate development plans. The history of the idea -its versions and the contexts in which they are inscribed- is reviewed to understand the impossibility of its materialization throughout the 20th century. On the other hand, the essay evaluates the validity of the proposal in light of the main consensus within the school of thought of Institutionalist Political Economy. In this way, it is found that the postulates of this literature find a response in the idea of the Economic Congress: promotion of dialogue between productive agents, promotion of political participation, formulation of projects with legitimacy, continuity of strategies over time, skepticism towards universal recipes, and longterm visions. As required by contemporary political economy, the thesis carries a component of proposal for change and explicit defense of concrete institutional alternatives.
Peru lacks defined strategies for economic development, or, at least, its provisions lack influence and legitimacy. Similarly, the country suffers from huge gaps in non-dialogue between capital, labor, and the State. This thesis aims at two objectives. On the one hand, it studies the idea of the National Economic Congress proposed by Haya de la Torre in 1931 and developed until his death in 1979. This was conceived as an assembly that receives representation -in thirds- from entrepreneurs, workers, and technocrats to jointly formulate development plans. The history of the idea -its versions and the contexts in which they are inscribed- is reviewed to understand the impossibility of its materialization throughout the 20th century. On the other hand, the essay evaluates the validity of the proposal in light of the main consensus within the school of thought of Institutionalist Political Economy. In this way, it is found that the postulates of this literature find a response in the idea of the Economic Congress: promotion of dialogue between productive agents, promotion of political participation, formulation of projects with legitimacy, continuity of strategies over time, skepticism towards universal recipes, and longterm visions. As required by contemporary political economy, the thesis carries a component of proposal for change and explicit defense of concrete institutional alternatives.
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Partido Aprista Peruano, Desarrollo económico--Perú, Planificación política--Perú, Historia económica-Perú, Perú--Política económica