Resolución del Tribunal Fiscal No. 05377-1-2020: Comentarios sobre el Principio de Retroactividad Benigna en el Derecho Tributario Sancionador
Date
2023-08-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En un contexto en el que el Tribunal Fiscal no admite la aplicación del Principio
de Retroactividad Benigna en el Derecho Tributario Sancionador, a partir de la
RTF No. 05377-1-2020, mediante el presente informe jurídico se estudia el
estado en el que se encuentra la aplicación del referido principio en el ámbito
tributario sancionador del ordenamiento jurídico peruano vigente. Al respecto,
primero, nos enfocamos en entender en qué consiste este principio recogido en
la Constitución y en qué se fundamenta. Además, a modo de premisa, se
desarrolla la identidad que existe entre el Derecho Penal y el Derecho
Administrativo Sancionador, así como la relación de género-especie que tiene
este último con el Derecho Tributario Sancionador. Luego de ello, aterrizando en
el ámbito tributario sancionador, se analiza si el artículo 168 del Código Tributario
proscribe de manera absoluta la aplicación del antes señalado principio, para lo
cual se tendrá en cuenta un trabajo interpretativo de la Constitución y del mismo
artículo 168. Finalmente, a partir de las conclusiones obtenidas, se determinará
si el Tribunal Fiscal tiene competencia para aplicar sanciones benignas de
manera retroactiva en instancia de apelación en sede administrativa, y se
determinará si se cuenta con una alternativa para su aplicación.
In a context in which the Tax Court does not admit the application of the Principle of Benign Retroactivity in Tax Penalty Law, based on RTF No. 05377-1-2020, this legal report studies the status of the application of this principle in the tax penalty area of the current Peruvian legal system. In this regard, first, we focus on understanding what this principle contained in the Constitution consists of and what it is based on. In addition, as a premise, we develop the identity that exists between Criminal Law and Administrative Penalty Law, as well as the genderspecies relationship that the latter has with Tax Penalty Law. After that, landing in the sanctioning tax field, it is analyzed whether article 168 of the Tax Code absolutely proscribes the application of the principle, for which an interpretative work of the Constitution and article 168 itself will be considered. Finally, based on the conclusions obtained, it will be determined whether the Tax Court has the competence to apply benign sanctions retroactively in an administrative appeal instance, and it will be determined whether there is an alternative for its application.
In a context in which the Tax Court does not admit the application of the Principle of Benign Retroactivity in Tax Penalty Law, based on RTF No. 05377-1-2020, this legal report studies the status of the application of this principle in the tax penalty area of the current Peruvian legal system. In this regard, first, we focus on understanding what this principle contained in the Constitution consists of and what it is based on. In addition, as a premise, we develop the identity that exists between Criminal Law and Administrative Penalty Law, as well as the genderspecies relationship that the latter has with Tax Penalty Law. After that, landing in the sanctioning tax field, it is analyzed whether article 168 of the Tax Code absolutely proscribes the application of the principle, for which an interpretative work of the Constitution and article 168 itself will be considered. Finally, based on the conclusions obtained, it will be determined whether the Tax Court has the competence to apply benign sanctions retroactively in an administrative appeal instance, and it will be determined whether there is an alternative for its application.
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Keywords
Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Retroactividad de las leyes--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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