La motivación en serie en el proceso contencioso administrativo peruano: una manifestación de tutela colectiva
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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A la luz de la reciente aplicación de la técnica de la motivación en serie, esta
técnica, ha cobrado relevancia en el proceso contencioso administrativo peruano, pues permite
resolver varios casos repetitivos o similares en una sola resolución, lo cual permite aliviar la
función jurisdiccional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, no obstante, su aplicación presenta
desafíos que merecen un análisis profundo pues ha generado una problemática evidente que
vulnera la unidad de derecho, lo que pone en debate su impacto en la seguridad jurídica y la
previsibilidad de las decisiones judiciales. Durante el año 2024, las Salas de Derecho
Constitucional y Social Transitoria de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, coincidieron en aplicar la
técnica de la motivación en serie para atender casos repetitivos y análogos de conformidad con
lo establecido en el inciso 2 del artículo 9 del T.U.O de la Ley 27584, Ley que regula el Proceso
Contencioso Administrativo, por ejemplo, en los procesos con pretensiones referidos a
restitución de la bonificación de ahorros (FONAHPU), en los casos sobre reintegro de
remuneración por preparación de clases (Sector educación), reintegro de bonificación
diferencial (Sector salud), Aplicación de la ley Nº 24041 y la Ley Nº 31131, entre otros. Sin
embargo, a pesar de la uniformidad de criterios que busca la aplicación de esta técnica, para
resolver procesos similares o repetitivos, en la práctica, se han evidenciado discrepancias en la
forma de aplicación, como se evidencia en los pronunciamientos emitidos por la Quinta Sala y
la Primera Sala e inclusive en el fondo de su aplicación, como lo acontecido en los
pronunciamientos contradictorios sobre los conceptos que forman parte de la bonificación por
preclas, emitidos en Casación N.º 55355-2022-Huaura (Sentencia Fuente N°01) emitida por la
Primera Sala, y en la Casación N.º 40038-2022 Lima (Sentencia Fuente) emitida por la Quinta
Sala de la Corte Suprema.
In light of the recent application of the technique of serial motivation, this technique has gained relevance in the Peruvian administrative litigation process, since it allows several repetitive or similar cases to be resolved in a single resolution, which allows to alleviate the jurisdictional function of the Supreme Court of Justice, however, its application presents challenges that deserve a deep analysis since it has generated an obvious problem that violates the unity of law, which brings into debate its impact on the legal security and predictability of judicial decisions. During the year 2024, the Constitutional and Temporary Social Law Chambers of the Supreme Court of Justice agreed to apply the technique of serial motivation to address repetitive and analogous cases in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 9 of the T.U.O of Law 27584, Law that regulates the Administrative Litigation Process, for example, in processes with claims referring to restitution of the savings bonus. (FONAHPU), in cases of reimbursement of remuneration for class preparation (Education Sector), reimbursement of differential bonus (Health Sector), Application of Law No. 24041 and Law No. 31131, among others. However, despite the uniformity of criteria sought by the application of this technique, to resolve similar or repetitive processes, in practice, discrepancies have been evident in the form of application, as evidenced in the pronouncements issued by the Fifth Chamber and the First Chamber and even in the substance of its application, as occurred in the contradictory pronouncements on the concepts that are part of the preclass bonus, issued in Cassation No. 55355-2022-Huaura (Source Sentence No. 01) issued by the First Chamber, and in Cassation No. 40038-2022 Lima (Source Sentence) issued by the Fifth Chamber of the Supreme Court.
In light of the recent application of the technique of serial motivation, this technique has gained relevance in the Peruvian administrative litigation process, since it allows several repetitive or similar cases to be resolved in a single resolution, which allows to alleviate the jurisdictional function of the Supreme Court of Justice, however, its application presents challenges that deserve a deep analysis since it has generated an obvious problem that violates the unity of law, which brings into debate its impact on the legal security and predictability of judicial decisions. During the year 2024, the Constitutional and Temporary Social Law Chambers of the Supreme Court of Justice agreed to apply the technique of serial motivation to address repetitive and analogous cases in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 9 of the T.U.O of Law 27584, Law that regulates the Administrative Litigation Process, for example, in processes with claims referring to restitution of the savings bonus. (FONAHPU), in cases of reimbursement of remuneration for class preparation (Education Sector), reimbursement of differential bonus (Health Sector), Application of Law No. 24041 and Law No. 31131, among others. However, despite the uniformity of criteria sought by the application of this technique, to resolve similar or repetitive processes, in practice, discrepancies have been evident in the form of application, as evidenced in the pronouncements issued by the Fifth Chamber and the First Chamber and even in the substance of its application, as occurred in the contradictory pronouncements on the concepts that are part of the preclass bonus, issued in Cassation No. 55355-2022-Huaura (Source Sentence No. 01) issued by the First Chamber, and in Cassation No. 40038-2022 Lima (Source Sentence) issued by the Fifth Chamber of the Supreme Court.
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Derecho administrativo--Legislación--Perú, Recurso contencioso administrativo--Perú, Perú. Corte Suprema de Justicia--Jurisprudencia