Discursos, medios de comunicación e identidad nacional en el boom gastronómico peruano
Date
2024-01-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación surge a partir de la siguiente pregunta: ¿de qué manera los
medios de comunicación contribuyeron a la construcción del boom gastronómico peruano
y a que su discurso sea una de las bases de la nueva narrativa oficial de identidad peruana?
Para hallar respuestas, he aplicado una metodología de enfoque cualitativo. Realicé una
revisión hemerográfica de textos culinarios en medios de comunicación impresos desde
1988 hasta 2014, así como planes de comunicación de la Sociedad Peruana de
Gastronomía (Apega) y Mistura, además de memorias anuales de la Comisión de
Promoción del Perú para la Exportación y el Turismo (Promperú). También entrevistas a
actores promotores del fenómeno. Para la evaluación de los datos, apliqué la técnica de
análisis del discurso a las alocuciones que dieron presidentes de la república en la macro
feria Mistura.
Los resultados de la investigación indican que los medios de comunicación fueron
claves para alcanzar el llamado boom gastronómico. En primer lugar, hicieron posible la
creación y la extensión de una comunidad del gusto en el país, a partir de reseñas
culinarias que creaban curiosidad en los lectores, convirtiéndolos en comensales
indirectos. En segundo lugar, a partir de estos textos, se generó la dinamización del sector;
se aceleró un cambio que fue esencial para lograr la llamada cocina peruana
contemporánea. En tercer lugar, el amplio espacio mediático otorgado al campo
gastronómico en la prensa, a partir de ferias como Mistura, que obtuvieron gran nivel de
cobertura informativa, permitió que el discurso de la gastronomía peruana —que era
validado a partir de diversos indicadores de éxito de marca y asistencia a la feria— se
extendiera a una narrativa identitaria de estado-nación que legitimaban presidentes de la
república en cada inauguración de la macroferia.
The present research arises from the following question: How did media contribute to the construction of the Peruvian gastronomic boom and to making its discourse one of the foundations of the new official narrative of Peruvian identity? To find answers, we applied a qualitative approach methodology. A hemerographic review of culinary texts in print media from 1988 to 2014 was carried out, as well as communication plans from the Peruvian Society of Gastronomy (Apega) and Mistura, along with annual reports from the Commission for the Promotion of Peru for Exports and Tourism (Promperú). We also conducted interviews with relevant promoters of the phenomenon. For data evaluation, the discourse analysis technique was applied to the speeches given by presidents of the republic at the Mistura macro fair. The results of the research indicate that the media played a key role in achieving the so-called gastronomic boom. Firstly, they made it possible to create and extend a community of taste in the country through culinary reviews that aroused curiosity in readers, turning them into indirect diners. Secondly, based on these texts, the sector was energized, and a change was accelerated that was essential to achieve the so-called contemporary Peruvian cuisine. Thirdly, the ample media space granted to the gastronomic field in the press, through fairs like Mistura, which received extensive coverage, allowed the discourse of Peruvian gastronomy -which was validated through various brand success indicators and attendance to the fair- to spread into an identity narrative of the nation-state, legitimized by presidents of the republic at each inauguration of the macro fair.
The present research arises from the following question: How did media contribute to the construction of the Peruvian gastronomic boom and to making its discourse one of the foundations of the new official narrative of Peruvian identity? To find answers, we applied a qualitative approach methodology. A hemerographic review of culinary texts in print media from 1988 to 2014 was carried out, as well as communication plans from the Peruvian Society of Gastronomy (Apega) and Mistura, along with annual reports from the Commission for the Promotion of Peru for Exports and Tourism (Promperú). We also conducted interviews with relevant promoters of the phenomenon. For data evaluation, the discourse analysis technique was applied to the speeches given by presidents of the republic at the Mistura macro fair. The results of the research indicate that the media played a key role in achieving the so-called gastronomic boom. Firstly, they made it possible to create and extend a community of taste in the country through culinary reviews that aroused curiosity in readers, turning them into indirect diners. Secondly, based on these texts, the sector was energized, and a change was accelerated that was essential to achieve the so-called contemporary Peruvian cuisine. Thirdly, the ample media space granted to the gastronomic field in the press, through fairs like Mistura, which received extensive coverage, allowed the discourse of Peruvian gastronomy -which was validated through various brand success indicators and attendance to the fair- to spread into an identity narrative of the nation-state, legitimized by presidents of the republic at each inauguration of the macro fair.
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Keywords
Gastronomía--Perú, Medios de comunicación de masas--Aspectos sociales--Perú, Identidad nacional--Perú
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