El discurso de la “ideología de género” y la disputa por el enfoque de género en el Currículo Nacional de la Educación Básica peruano (2016-2019)
Date
2024-06-10
Authors
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En esta tesis analizo los movimientos que se oponen a la implementación del enfoque de
género en la educación básica a partir de la lectura de un conjunto de materiales
(bibliográficos, audiovisuales y jurídicos) para evidenciar sus operaciones ideológicas,
sus mecanismos retóricos y discursivos, y sus estrategias jurídico-políticas. El discurso
de la “ideología de género”, alrededor del cual se articulan estos productos culturales, se
origina en el Vaticano durante la década de 1990 para ser luego apropiado por la derecha
conservadora latinoamericana en oposición a las reformas sociales y simbólicas referidas
al género. A partir del 2016, este discurso impulsa una “cruzada moral” para rechazar el
enfoque de género en el currículo nacional peruano, asociándolo con el terrorismo y el
totalitarismo; paralelamente, se produce una serie de intervenciones políticas y legales en
el Congreso de la República con la finalidad de frenar la implementación de dicho
currículo y acosar políticamente a sus impulsores. El discurso de la “ideología de género”
tiene un carácter fundamentalmente reactivo, en tanto que hace frente a lo que percibe
como una amenaza infiltrada en las altas esferas del poder global. En ese sentido, lo que
caracteriza a este discurso y que hace posible su movilización política, es el hecho de que
los movimientos feministas y LGTBI y las reformas sociales y simbólicas en torno al
género, son percibidos por los grupos políticos y religiosos conservadores como una
pérdida de su hegemonía y, por lo tanto, se articula una oposición que recae
discursivamente en la figura de una “guerra cultural”.
In this thesis, I analyze the movements that oppose the implementation of the gender approach in basic education by reading a set of materials (bibliographic, audiovisual and legal) to demonstrate their ideological operations, their rhetorical and discursive mechanisms, and their legal-political strategies. The discourse of “gender ideology”, around which these cultural products are articulated, originates in the Vatican during the 1990s to be later appropriated by the Latin American conservative right in opposition to social and symbolic reforms related to gender. Starting in 2016, this discourse promotes a “moral crusade” to reject the gender approach in the Peruvian national curriculum, associating it with terrorism and totalitarianism; at the same time, a series of political and legal interventions take place in the Congress of the Republic with the aim of stopping the implementation of said curriculum and politically harassing its promoters. The discourse of “gender ideology” has a fundamentally reactive character, as it faces what it perceives as an infiltrated threat in the upper echelons of global power. In this sense, what characterizes this discourse and what makes its political mobilization possible, is the fact that feminist and LGBTI movements and social and symbolic reforms around gender are perceived by conservative political and religious groups as a loss of its hegemony and, therefore, an opposition is articulated that falls discursively on the figure of a “cultural war”.
In this thesis, I analyze the movements that oppose the implementation of the gender approach in basic education by reading a set of materials (bibliographic, audiovisual and legal) to demonstrate their ideological operations, their rhetorical and discursive mechanisms, and their legal-political strategies. The discourse of “gender ideology”, around which these cultural products are articulated, originates in the Vatican during the 1990s to be later appropriated by the Latin American conservative right in opposition to social and symbolic reforms related to gender. Starting in 2016, this discourse promotes a “moral crusade” to reject the gender approach in the Peruvian national curriculum, associating it with terrorism and totalitarianism; at the same time, a series of political and legal interventions take place in the Congress of the Republic with the aim of stopping the implementation of said curriculum and politically harassing its promoters. The discourse of “gender ideology” has a fundamentally reactive character, as it faces what it perceives as an infiltrated threat in the upper echelons of global power. In this sense, what characterizes this discourse and what makes its political mobilization possible, is the fact that feminist and LGBTI movements and social and symbolic reforms around gender are perceived by conservative political and religious groups as a loss of its hegemony and, therefore, an opposition is articulated that falls discursively on the figure of a “cultural war”.
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Keywords
Incorporación de la perspectiva de género--Perú, Educación básica--Currículo--Perú, Conservadurismo--Perú, Extrema derecha--Perú