Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución 2167-2023/SPC-INDECOPI
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente informe aborda el análisis jurídico de la Resolución N.º 2167-
2023/SPC-INDECOPI, expedida por la Sala Especializada en Protección al
Consumidor, en el marco de un procedimiento administrativo sancionador
seguido contra Smartfit Perú S.A.C. La controversia se centra en determinar la
validez de una cláusula contractual que exigía la presencialidad del consumidor
para la resolución del contrato, en un contexto excepcional como la pandemia
del COVID-19 que hizo inviable su cumplimiento. Se examinan los principales
problemas jurídicos asociados, tales como la posible naturaleza abusiva de dicha
cláusula, la aplicación del artículo 1431 del Código Civil en casos de
imposibilidad sobrevenida, la vulneración del principio de idoneidad del servicio,
así como los criterios utilizados por la Sala para graduar la sanción
administrativa.
A través de un enfoque crítico y sistemático, se argumenta que la cláusula
impugnada carece de razonabilidad al exigir condiciones más gravosas que las
previstas para otras gestiones contractuales, constituyéndose en una cláusula
abusiva. Asimismo, se justifica la inaplicación de dicha cláusula por parte de la
autoridad administrativa en virtud del artículo 1431 del Código Civil, que permite
la resolución de pleno derecho ante supuestos de imposibilidad objetiva no
imputable. Finalmente, se analiza si la conducta del proveedor fue coherente con
el principio de idoneidad y si la metodología seguida por la Sala para imponer la
sanción respetó los principios de legalidad, razonabilidad y proporcionalidad,
concluyendo que, si bien el resultado sancionador fue moderado, la omisión de
aplicar el marco reglamentario específico debió ser debidamente justificada.
This report presents a legal analysis of Resolution No. 2167-2023/SPCINDECOPI, issued by the Specialized Chamber for Consumer Protection, within the framework of an administrative sanctioning procedure initiated against Smartfit Perú S.A.C. The central issue involves assessing the validity of a contractual clause that required the consumer’s physical presence to terminate the contract, in an exceptional context such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which made compliance unfeasible. The report explores the main legal questions arising from the case, including the potentially abusive nature of the clause, the applicability of Article 1431 of the Civil Code in scenarios of supervening impossibility, the violation of the principle of service suitability, and the criteria used by the Chamber to determine the administrative penalty. Through a critical and systematic approach, the report argues that the disputed clause lacks proportionality, as it imposes a more burdensome requirement compared to other contractual procedures, thereby constituting an abusive clause. It further justifies the administrative authority’s decision to disregard the clause by applying Article 1431 of the Civil Code, which allows automatic contract termination in cases of objective and non-attributable impossibility. Lastly, the report evaluates whether the provider's conduct complied with the principle of suitability and whether the Chamber’s sanctioning methodology observed the principles of legality, reasonableness, and proportionality—concluding that while the penalty imposed was moderate, the omission to apply the specific regulatory framework should have been properly explained.
This report presents a legal analysis of Resolution No. 2167-2023/SPCINDECOPI, issued by the Specialized Chamber for Consumer Protection, within the framework of an administrative sanctioning procedure initiated against Smartfit Perú S.A.C. The central issue involves assessing the validity of a contractual clause that required the consumer’s physical presence to terminate the contract, in an exceptional context such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which made compliance unfeasible. The report explores the main legal questions arising from the case, including the potentially abusive nature of the clause, the applicability of Article 1431 of the Civil Code in scenarios of supervening impossibility, the violation of the principle of service suitability, and the criteria used by the Chamber to determine the administrative penalty. Through a critical and systematic approach, the report argues that the disputed clause lacks proportionality, as it imposes a more burdensome requirement compared to other contractual procedures, thereby constituting an abusive clause. It further justifies the administrative authority’s decision to disregard the clause by applying Article 1431 of the Civil Code, which allows automatic contract termination in cases of objective and non-attributable impossibility. Lastly, the report evaluates whether the provider's conduct complied with the principle of suitability and whether the Chamber’s sanctioning methodology observed the principles of legality, reasonableness, and proportionality—concluding that while the penalty imposed was moderate, the omission to apply the specific regulatory framework should have been properly explained.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Protección del consumidor--Legislación--Perú, Cláusulas (Derecho)--Perú, Derecho administrativo--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Perú
Citación
Colecciones
item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess