Revisión sistemática de métodos de pruebas de software para aseguramiento de la calidad
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El objetivo de un software es satisfacer la necesidad del usuario final, por ello es
indispensable que el proceso de desarrollo de software cuente con actividades que
permitan el aseguramiento de la calidad del software. Las pruebas de software ayudan
en la prevención de errores en un sistema. Además, se utiliza para analizar el software
en busca de otros aspectos del software, como usabilidad, compatibilidad, confiabilidad,
integridad, eficiencia, seguridad, capacidad, portabilidad, mantenibilidad y otros.
Se requieren pruebas de software para verificar y validar que el software ha sido
construido de acuerdo con sus especificaciones. Por consiguiente, el propósito de esta
revisión sistemática es identificar investigaciones en entornos académicos y/o
industriales que describan los métodos de pruebas de desarrollo de software y su
impacto en el aseguramiento de la calidad, sin importar la metodología o marco de
desarrollo de software empleado.
Se han identificado 55 artículos relevantes que permiten concluir que los métodos de
pruebas de software se aplican en diversas etapas del ciclo de vida del desarrollo de
software, contribuyendo al aseguramiento de la calidad mediante procesos de validación
y verificación en diversos escenarios y condiciones. Además, se ha observado que los
métodos de pruebas son determinados por la metodología de desarrollo de software
utilizada, y que la exhaustividad de las pruebas de software está influenciada por el
contexto de la aplicación. En relación con la calidad del software, se destaca la influencia
de dos procesos clave: el Aseguramiento de la Calidad, que proporciona un plan y
controles para prevenir defectos, y el Control de la Calidad, que se enfoca en la
detección y corrección de errores mediante el uso de métodos de pruebas de software.
Ambos procesos aseguran que el software desarrollado cumpla con los estándares de
calidad, satisfaciendo así las necesidades y expectativas de los usuarios finales.
The objective of software is to satisfy the needs of end users; therefore, it is crucial for the software development process to include activities that guarantee software quality. Software testing is essential in preventing system errors. It is also used to assess software for various aspects, such as usability, compatibility, reliability, integrity, efficiency, security, capability, portability, maintainability, and more. Software testing is required to ensure and validate that the software has been developed in accordance with its specifications. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to identify studies within academic and/or industrial contexts that describe software development testing methods and their impact on quality assurance, regardless of the software development methodology or framework utilized. Fifty-five relevant articles have been identified, concluding that software testing methods are applied at various stages of the software development lifecycle, enhancing quality assurance through validation and verification processes across different scenarios and conditions. Additionally, it has been observed that the testing methods are influenced by the software development methodology employed, and the thoroughness of software testing is affected by the application context. In terms of software quality, the significant roles of two key processes are highlighted: Quality Assurance, which provides a plan and controls to prevent defects, and Quality Control, which focuses on detecting and correcting errors through software testing methods. Both processes ensure that the developed software meets quality standards, thereby fulfilling the needs and expectations of end users.
The objective of software is to satisfy the needs of end users; therefore, it is crucial for the software development process to include activities that guarantee software quality. Software testing is essential in preventing system errors. It is also used to assess software for various aspects, such as usability, compatibility, reliability, integrity, efficiency, security, capability, portability, maintainability, and more. Software testing is required to ensure and validate that the software has been developed in accordance with its specifications. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to identify studies within academic and/or industrial contexts that describe software development testing methods and their impact on quality assurance, regardless of the software development methodology or framework utilized. Fifty-five relevant articles have been identified, concluding that software testing methods are applied at various stages of the software development lifecycle, enhancing quality assurance through validation and verification processes across different scenarios and conditions. Additionally, it has been observed that the testing methods are influenced by the software development methodology employed, and the thoroughness of software testing is affected by the application context. In terms of software quality, the significant roles of two key processes are highlighted: Quality Assurance, which provides a plan and controls to prevent defects, and Quality Control, which focuses on detecting and correcting errors through software testing methods. Both processes ensure that the developed software meets quality standards, thereby fulfilling the needs and expectations of end users.
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Palabras clave
Programas para computadoras--Desarrollo, Programas para computadoras--Pruebas, Programas para computadoras--Control de calidad, Ingeniería de software--Investigaciones
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