Informe sobre expediente de relevancia jurídica N°00194- 2014-PHC/TC, E-2741: Análisis del derecho a la libertad personal de las personas con discapacidad psicosocial o intelectual a la luz de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad
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2025-04-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El presente informe jurídico analiza el expediente N°00194-2014-PHC/TC que
versa sobre el hábeas corpus interpuesto a favor de Juan José Guillén Domínguez,
un joven con discapacidad psicosocial que era encerrado, por su madre, dentro
de su propia habitación con puertas de rejas metálicas, durante largos periodos
de tiempo, bajo el argumento de evitar que este se haga daño a sí mismo o que
otros le hagan daño. Este caso culminó con una sentencia del Tribunal
Constitucional que declaró fundado el hábeas corpus por la vulneración del
derecho a la libertad de Juan José; sin embargo, lo cierto es que este tipo de
situaciones son vividas por gran parte de la población de personas con
discapacidad psicosocial e intelectual, tanto en sus propios hogares como en
instituciones psiquiátricas, en donde son internadas involuntariamente. Por ello,
resulta fundamental analizar los criterios que se han tomado en cuenta para
determinar la vulneración de este derecho en el presente caso.
En tal sentido, el presente informe busca definir si existió o no una vulneración al
derecho a la libertad personal de Juan José, para lo cual se analizan los hechos
del caso y los fundamentos del Tribunal Constitucional, a la luz de la Convención
sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, tomando en consideración
la legislación peruana, la jurisprudencia nacional e internacional, los
pronunciamientos de organismos internacionales, y la doctrina sobre el derecho
a la capacidad jurídica y a la libertad personal. Como resultado de dicho análisis,
se concluye que sí existió una vulneración del derecho a la libertad personal de
Juan José; sin embargo, los argumentos para afirmar ello no coinciden del todo
con lo establecido en los fundamentos de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional.
The present legal report analyzes file N°00194-2014-PHC/TC, which concerns a habeas corpus petition filed in favor of Juan José Guillén Domínguez, a young man with psychosocial disability who was locked by his mother inside his own room with metal-barred doors for long periods of time, under the argument of preventing him from harming himself or being harmed by others. This case ended with a Constitutional Court ruling that upheld the habeas corpus due to the violation of Juan José's right to personal liberty. However, it is evident that similar situations are experienced by a significant portion of the population with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities, both in their own homes and in psychiatric institutions, where they are involuntarily committed. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the criteria considered in this case to determine the violation of Juan José's rights. In this sense, the present report aims to determine whether there was a violation of Juan José's right to personal liberty. To achieve this, the facts of the case and the Constitutional Court's reasoning are analyzed in light of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, considering Peruvian law, national and international jurisprudence, statements from international organizations, and the legal doctrine on the right to legal capacity and personal liberty. As a result of this analysis, it is concluded that there was indeed a violation of Juan José's right to personal liberty; however, the arguments supporting this conclusion do not fully align with those stated in the Constitutional Court's ruling.
The present legal report analyzes file N°00194-2014-PHC/TC, which concerns a habeas corpus petition filed in favor of Juan José Guillén Domínguez, a young man with psychosocial disability who was locked by his mother inside his own room with metal-barred doors for long periods of time, under the argument of preventing him from harming himself or being harmed by others. This case ended with a Constitutional Court ruling that upheld the habeas corpus due to the violation of Juan José's right to personal liberty. However, it is evident that similar situations are experienced by a significant portion of the population with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities, both in their own homes and in psychiatric institutions, where they are involuntarily committed. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the criteria considered in this case to determine the violation of Juan José's rights. In this sense, the present report aims to determine whether there was a violation of Juan José's right to personal liberty. To achieve this, the facts of the case and the Constitutional Court's reasoning are analyzed in light of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, considering Peruvian law, national and international jurisprudence, statements from international organizations, and the legal doctrine on the right to legal capacity and personal liberty. As a result of this analysis, it is concluded that there was indeed a violation of Juan José's right to personal liberty; however, the arguments supporting this conclusion do not fully align with those stated in the Constitutional Court's ruling.
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Derechos fundamentales--Perú, Personas con discapacidad mental--Derechos, Capacidad civil, Consentimiento (Derecho)
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