¿Cómo como? Percepciones alimentarias en adolescentes que presentan conductas de alimentación emocional
Date
2021-02-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La alimentación emocional es un mecanismo de regulación emocional desadaptativo en
el que se acude a ciertos alimentos, mayormente de alto contenido calórico, para afrontar una
emoción muy intensa, que puede ser positiva o negativa. Esta conducta está asociada a mayores
riesgos para la salud, como obesidad y desarrollo de trastornos alimenticios, así como un
malestar psicológico general. La alimentación emocional está presente en las distintas etapas
del desarrollo, pero merece especial interés dentro de la población adolescente, al relacionarse
con sentimientos de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, conductas de restricción alimentaria
y un uso ineficiente de otras estrategias de regulación emocional. Dado que la adolescencia es
una etapa de cambios en la apariencia, a nivel neurológico y de roles sociales, además de
cambios a nivel psicológico, resulta importante profundizar en conductas que puedan ser
perjudiciales para los adolescentes y se instauren como hábitos que continúen durante la
adultez. En vista a la escasa literatura sobre la alimentación emocional en adolescentes en edad
escolar, se propone realizar un estudio cualitativo, siguiendo un diseño fenomenológico, sobre
las percepciones alimentarias de un grupo de adolescentes que tienen entre 11 y 14 años y
presentan este tipo de conductas. Particularmente, se busca explorar sus percepciones en cuanto
a los contextos en los que surge la conducta, las reacciones cognitivas y afectivas sobre la
conducta como mecanismo de regulación emocional, y las percepciones alrededor de la
restricción alimentaria e insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, en relación con las conductas
de alimentación emocional.
Emotional eating is a maladaptive coping strategy in which certain foods, especially dense and highly caloric, are consumed in order to cope with an intense emotion. It has been found to be related to general discomfort as well as greater health risks, such as obesity and eating disorders. This behavior takes place in all different stages of development, but deserves special attention during teenage years, since it is related to body dissatisfaction, restrictive eating behaviors and a deficient use of other coping mechanisms. Given that adolescence is a stage of physical, neurological, social and psychological changes, it is important to gain a deeper knowledge about behaviors that may be harmful to them and establish as habits that extend into adulthood. In view of the scarce literature about emotional eating in early adolescence, the aim of this research is to explore the perceptions about eating behaviors in a sample of teenagers between 11 and 14 years old, who engage in emotional eating practices. Particularly, it pretends to gain deeper knowledge of the perceptions related to emotional eating practices as a coping mechanism, as well as the perceptions surrounding restrictive eating and body dissatisfaction. This research uses a qualitative method, following a phenomenological design.
Emotional eating is a maladaptive coping strategy in which certain foods, especially dense and highly caloric, are consumed in order to cope with an intense emotion. It has been found to be related to general discomfort as well as greater health risks, such as obesity and eating disorders. This behavior takes place in all different stages of development, but deserves special attention during teenage years, since it is related to body dissatisfaction, restrictive eating behaviors and a deficient use of other coping mechanisms. Given that adolescence is a stage of physical, neurological, social and psychological changes, it is important to gain a deeper knowledge about behaviors that may be harmful to them and establish as habits that extend into adulthood. In view of the scarce literature about emotional eating in early adolescence, the aim of this research is to explore the perceptions about eating behaviors in a sample of teenagers between 11 and 14 years old, who engage in emotional eating practices. Particularly, it pretends to gain deeper knowledge of the perceptions related to emotional eating practices as a coping mechanism, as well as the perceptions surrounding restrictive eating and body dissatisfaction. This research uses a qualitative method, following a phenomenological design.
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Trastornos alimenticios, Adolescentes, Psicología del adolescente
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