Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución N° 1152-2025- SUNARP-TR: Análisis a la procedencia de inscripción de una hipoteca en virtud de una solicitud de rectificación cuando el deudor garante ha perdido el dominio del inmueble
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente informe jurídico analiza la Resolución N° 1152-2025-SUNARP-TR-L,
emitida por la Primera Sala del Tribunal Registral, que resolvió ordenar la
inscripción de una hipoteca vía rectificación en la partida registral de un inmueble
cuyo dominio había sido transferido a favor de terceros. La controversia surge a
partir de un error por omisión en la calificación registral al haberse inscrito la
hipoteca solo respecto de uno de los dos inmuebles afectados. La decisión fue
controvertida dado que la posición mayoritaria consideró que la rectificación
procedía al no existir afectación de derechos de tercero registral. Esta sostuvo
que el actual titular del inmueble, cuya hipoteca fue omitida, adquirió a título
gratuito; además afirmó que hubo mala fe en la celebración de las adquisiciones
que constan en la partida del inmueble.
Al respecto, el presente informe sostiene una posición crítica frente a dicha
Resolución, pues en él sostengo que existen obstáculos en la partida registral
del inmueble, relacionados a la afectación de derechos de tercero
aparentemente registral, que impiden la rectificación. Además, se sustenta que
el análisis de la condición de tercero registral debe ser también abordado
respecto al titular previo a quien ostenta actualmente el dominio del inmueble.
Finalmente, alego que el análisis de la buena fe en las adquisiciones excede las
facultades de la instancia registral, toda vez que el procedimiento registral es de
naturaleza especial y no contenciosa; por lo que corresponde al Poder Judicial
analizar dicha circunstancia.
Por ello, el informe jurídico concluye que la Primera Sala del Tribunal Registral
no debió ordenar la inscripción de la hipoteca vía rectificación por haber
considerado que el actual titular del inmueble no es tercero registral y haber
determinado la mala fe en las adquisiciones que constan inscritas en la partida
del mismo.
This legal report analyzes Resolution N° 1152-SUNARP-TR-L, issued by the First Chamber of the Registry Tribunal, which ordered the registration of a mortgage through rectification in the property record of a real estate asset whose ownership had already been transferred to third parties. The controversy arises from an omission error during the registry qualification process, as the mortgage was registered only with respect to one of the two affected properties. The decision was controversial, given that the majority position of the Registry Tribunal held that rectification was appropriate, as there was no infringement of the rights of a registry third party. The Tribunal argued that the current owner of the property - whose mortgage had been omitted- acquired it gratuitously, and further asserted that there was bad faith in the acquisitions recorded in the property’s registry entry. In this regard, the present report adopts a critical stance toward said Resolution, arguing that there are obstacles in the property’s registry entry—related to the potential infringement of the rights of an apparent registry third party—that prevent rectification. It also contends that the analysis of the condition of a registry third party must also consider the previous holder of title prior to the current owner. Finally, it is argued that the assessment of good or bad faith in the acquisitions exceeds the powers of the registry authority, given that the registration procedure is of a special and non-contentious nature; thus, such matters fall within the jurisdiction of the Judiciary. Accordingly, this legal report concludes that the First Chamber of the Registry Tribunal should not have ordered the registration of the mortgage by means of rectification, as it did so based on the premise that the current owner was not a registry third party and by determining the existence of bad faith in the acquisitions recorded in the property’s registry entry.
This legal report analyzes Resolution N° 1152-SUNARP-TR-L, issued by the First Chamber of the Registry Tribunal, which ordered the registration of a mortgage through rectification in the property record of a real estate asset whose ownership had already been transferred to third parties. The controversy arises from an omission error during the registry qualification process, as the mortgage was registered only with respect to one of the two affected properties. The decision was controversial, given that the majority position of the Registry Tribunal held that rectification was appropriate, as there was no infringement of the rights of a registry third party. The Tribunal argued that the current owner of the property - whose mortgage had been omitted- acquired it gratuitously, and further asserted that there was bad faith in the acquisitions recorded in the property’s registry entry. In this regard, the present report adopts a critical stance toward said Resolution, arguing that there are obstacles in the property’s registry entry—related to the potential infringement of the rights of an apparent registry third party—that prevent rectification. It also contends that the analysis of the condition of a registry third party must also consider the previous holder of title prior to the current owner. Finally, it is argued that the assessment of good or bad faith in the acquisitions exceeds the powers of the registry authority, given that the registration procedure is of a special and non-contentious nature; thus, such matters fall within the jurisdiction of the Judiciary. Accordingly, this legal report concludes that the First Chamber of the Registry Tribunal should not have ordered the registration of the mortgage by means of rectification, as it did so based on the premise that the current owner was not a registry third party and by determining the existence of bad faith in the acquisitions recorded in the property’s registry entry.
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Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos (Perú), Hipotecas--Legislación--Perú, Propiedad inmueble--Perú, Derecho registral--Perú
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