Aplicación del modelo SERVQUAL para evaluar calidad y satisfacción percibida de los servicios médicos ambulatorios en la red de clínicas privadas Los Álamos
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Date
2021-01-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En los últimos años, las exigencias y criterio de selección de los clientes para optar
por un servicio médico se han sofisticado cada vez más, llegando incluso al reconocimiento
de detalles valorados en distinta medida. Hoy en día, además del servicio recibido y el
cumplimiento de lo ofrecido, para poder evaluar, diferenciar y optar por alguna organización
dentro de un mismo rubro se enfocan en la calidad y satisfacción percibida durante la
ejecución del servicio. Por tanto, es sumamente relevante que las empresas realicen un
correcto enfoque hacia el cliente en la generación de valor, diferenciándose y posicionándose
entre sus competidores, dejando atrás el modelo tradicional donde la eficiencia de la
producción era la principal ventaja competitiva, dando prioridad al punto de vista del cliente.
Teniendo ello en consideración, las empresas necesitan realizar un seguimiento a los
niveles de la calidad y satisfacción que perciben sus clientes, esto a través del uso de un
modelo que permita estimar estos parámetros, siendo el modelo SERVQUAL el instrumento
de medición vinculado más recurrente desde su creación para evaluar la calidad percibida. Se
tiene en la literatura varios casos aplicativos a nivel mundial, mediante la presente
investigación se plantea su aplicación en un entorno definido. En el Perú, la aplicación de
este modelo es escasa en comparación a otros países; siendo la mayoría de ellos presentados
en el sector público, por lo que se necesita evaluar y validar el uso de este modelo para el
caso del sector privado, hay algunas investigaciones previas, siendo la presente investigación
la pionera en aplicar el modelo SERVQUAL en una red de clínicas privadas en Lima
Metropolitana, con el objetivo de evaluar y validar el impacto de las dimensiones del modelo
SERVQUAL sobre la calidad percibida del servicio al cliente y además contribuir la
ampliación de la cobertura y el conocimiento en la medición de la calidad del servicio en el
sector privado de salud. Para realizar el análisis de resultados se utilizó un modelo de regresión lineal donde se
evaluaron correlaciones y covarianzas del modelo y el software estadístico SPSS para validar
las hipótesis y analizar los resultados. Además, tras la revisión de las evidencias, se puede
afirmar que efectivamente existe una relación entre las dimensiones del SERVQUAL y la
satisfacción de la calidad percibida, destacando que cada dimensión posee un impacto
diferenciado, siendo la capacidad de respuesta y fiabilidad las que representan una mayor
repercusión en la calidad percibida por los pacientes de la Red de Clínicas Los Álamos de
Lima Metropolitana.
Por otro lado, se tomó como referencia la evaluación de la metodología TQM (Total
Quality Management) en 120 empresas de salud del sector privado de Perú, donde se obtuvo
que un ambiente amigable con el cliente y un personal atento añade valor al servicio
realizado; adicionalmente, aquellas empresas que habían implementado el QMS (Quality
Management System) obtuvieron mejores resultados en la satisfacción del cliente, por lo que
aquellas empresas que no han implementado este sistema aún, necesitan mejorar su gestión
de la calidad para lograr una mayor satisfacción del cliente, dicha metodología se encuentra
basada en un instrumento de cuatro bloques (alta dirección, proveedor, proceso y cliente),
nueve factores de éxito y 35 variables (Benzaquen, et al., 2019).
Finalmente, este estudio esboza la aplicación relevante que significaría en las
filosofías de mejora continua de las organizaciones la incorporación del modelo
SERVQUAL, para comprender mejor las necesidades del cliente, así también, permitirá
marcar un referente para futuras investigaciones en la línea ambulatoria, dadas las nuevas
condiciones post COVID-19 y el retorno del servicio médico bajo una nueva normalidad.
In recent years, the demands and criteria for selecting clients to opt for a medical service have become increasingly sophisticated, even reaching the recognition of details valued to different degrees, today in addition to the service received and compliance with the offered, in order to evaluate, differentiate and choose an organization within the same area, they focus on the quality and satisfaction perceived during the execution of the service. Therefore, it is extremely relevant that companies make a correct approach to the customer in the generation of value, differentiating themselves and positioning themselves among their competitors, leaving behind the traditional model where production efficiency was the main competitive advantage, giving priority to the point from the customer's view. Taking this into consideration, companies need to monitor the levels of quality and satisfaction perceived by their customers, this through the use of a model that allows estimating these parameters, being the SERVQUAL model the most recurrent linked measurement instrument since Its creation to evaluate the perceived quality having in its literature several applicative cases worldwide, through the present investigation its application in a defined environment is proposed. In Peru, the application of this model is scarce compared to other countries; being most of them presented in the public sector, so it is necessary to evaluate and validate the use of this model in the case of the private sector, having some previous research, this research is the pioneer in applying the SERVQUAL model in a network of private clinics in Metropolitan Lima, with the aim of evaluating and validating the impact of the dimensions of the SERVQUAL model on the perceived quality of customer service and also contributing to the expansion of coverage and knowledge of the quality of service in the private sector of health. To perform the analysis of the results, a linear regression model was used where correlations and covariances of the model and the SPSS statistical software were evaluated to validate the hypotheses and analyze the results. Furthermore, after reviewing the evidence, it can be affirmed that there is indeed a relationship between the SERVQUAL dimensions and the satisfaction of the perceived quality, highlighting that each dimension has a different impact, being the response capacity and reliability those that represent a greater impact on the quality perceived by patients in the Los Álamos de Lima Metropolitan Clinic Network. On the other hand, the evaluation of the TQM (Total Quality Management) methodology in 120 private sector health companies in Peru was taken as a reference, where it was obtained that a friendly environment with the client and an attentive staff adds value to the service provided; In addition, those companies that had implemented the QMS (Quality Management System) obtained better results in customer satisfaction, so those companies that have not implemented this system yet need to improve their quality management to achieve greater customer satisfaction. , said methodology is based on an instrument of four blocks (senior management, supplier, process and client), nine success factors and 35 variables (Benzaquen, et al., 2019). Finally, this study outlines the relevant application that the incorporation of the SERVQUAL model would mean in the continuous improvement philosophies of organizations, to better understand the client's needs, as well as, it will allow setting a benchmark for future research in the ambulatory line, given the new post COVID 19 conditions and the return of medical service under a new normal.
In recent years, the demands and criteria for selecting clients to opt for a medical service have become increasingly sophisticated, even reaching the recognition of details valued to different degrees, today in addition to the service received and compliance with the offered, in order to evaluate, differentiate and choose an organization within the same area, they focus on the quality and satisfaction perceived during the execution of the service. Therefore, it is extremely relevant that companies make a correct approach to the customer in the generation of value, differentiating themselves and positioning themselves among their competitors, leaving behind the traditional model where production efficiency was the main competitive advantage, giving priority to the point from the customer's view. Taking this into consideration, companies need to monitor the levels of quality and satisfaction perceived by their customers, this through the use of a model that allows estimating these parameters, being the SERVQUAL model the most recurrent linked measurement instrument since Its creation to evaluate the perceived quality having in its literature several applicative cases worldwide, through the present investigation its application in a defined environment is proposed. In Peru, the application of this model is scarce compared to other countries; being most of them presented in the public sector, so it is necessary to evaluate and validate the use of this model in the case of the private sector, having some previous research, this research is the pioneer in applying the SERVQUAL model in a network of private clinics in Metropolitan Lima, with the aim of evaluating and validating the impact of the dimensions of the SERVQUAL model on the perceived quality of customer service and also contributing to the expansion of coverage and knowledge of the quality of service in the private sector of health. To perform the analysis of the results, a linear regression model was used where correlations and covariances of the model and the SPSS statistical software were evaluated to validate the hypotheses and analyze the results. Furthermore, after reviewing the evidence, it can be affirmed that there is indeed a relationship between the SERVQUAL dimensions and the satisfaction of the perceived quality, highlighting that each dimension has a different impact, being the response capacity and reliability those that represent a greater impact on the quality perceived by patients in the Los Álamos de Lima Metropolitan Clinic Network. On the other hand, the evaluation of the TQM (Total Quality Management) methodology in 120 private sector health companies in Peru was taken as a reference, where it was obtained that a friendly environment with the client and an attentive staff adds value to the service provided; In addition, those companies that had implemented the QMS (Quality Management System) obtained better results in customer satisfaction, so those companies that have not implemented this system yet need to improve their quality management to achieve greater customer satisfaction. , said methodology is based on an instrument of four blocks (senior management, supplier, process and client), nine success factors and 35 variables (Benzaquen, et al., 2019). Finally, this study outlines the relevant application that the incorporation of the SERVQUAL model would mean in the continuous improvement philosophies of organizations, to better understand the client's needs, as well as, it will allow setting a benchmark for future research in the ambulatory line, given the new post COVID 19 conditions and the return of medical service under a new normal.
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Calidad del servicio al cliente--Evaluación, Clínicas--Evaluación--Lima Metropolitana
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