¿Realmente la jurisprudencia peruana contempla a la usucapio libertatis ante la ejecución de la hipoteca? Efectos de la sentencia que declara la prescripción adquisitiva de dominio
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
La presente investigación analiza los supuestos de conflicto entre el acreedor
hipotecario y el propietario usucapiente con el propósito de brindar una solución, ante
la omisión de una regulación expresa en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico sobre los
efectos liberatorios de la prescripción adquisitiva de dominio (usucapio libertatis).
En ese contexto, observamos los efectos de la prescripción adquisitiva como forma
de extinción de los gravámenes constituidos por el propietario registral durante el
periodo en que el poseedor señala haber cumplido con el plazo y los otros requisitos
legales establecidos para ser propietario por prescripción adquisitiva, pero cuando la
anotación de inscripción de su derecho reconocido mediante sentencia judicial fue
posterior a la constitución de hipoteca que al día de hoy se encuentra en etapa de
ejecución, o cuando no haya sentencia firme que declare su derecho de propiedad.
Asimismo, entre las cuestiones planteadas se aborda la validez del contrato de
hipoteca y si para esta se requiere que el acreedor hipotecario verifique la posesión
actual del bien, en atención a la buena fe entendida como comportamiento diligente,
y si la exigencia del comportamiento diligente se extiende a los que adquieren el
inmueble una vez realizado el remate judicial.
Para comprender mejor, se debe recordar que la hipoteca tiene como característica
que persigue al bien inmueble, es decir, que al no cumplirse con la obligación principal
a la cual la hipoteca es accesoria, se la puede ejecutar para el cobro de su crédito
independientemente de quien sea el propietario del mismo, lo que implicaría el riesgo
de pérdida de la propiedad del bien inmueble al darse la adjudicación de este, siempre
y cuando exista una cadena de transferencia de propiedades válidas.
Siendo así, bajo esta situación se encuentran vulnerados dos derechos de la misma
naturaleza (reales): el derecho de propiedad obtenido por un proceso de prescripción
adquisitiva de dominio versus el derecho real de garantías consistente en una hipoteca
inscrita con anterioridad.
Finalmente evidenciamos que la sentencia que declara la prescripción adquisitiva de
propiedad extingue el derecho de propiedad anterior, pero no tiene como efecto
automático la extinción de los otros derechos reales que se hubieran otorgado en
virtud al derecho de propiedad anterior, dentro de ellos la hipoteca.
Por estas razones, consideramos necesario proponer modificaciones a los artículos
del Código Civil y Código Procesal Civil en los que se basan los jueces al emitir sus
pronunciamientos, buscando encontrar la mejor solución ante el enfrentamiento de
estas instituciones jurídicas, y que las resoluciones sean coherentes con la doctrina
mayoritaria, sin dejarlas solo a criterio judicial con el riesgo de que surjan sentencias
contradictorias como se han observado al analizar la jurisprudencia.
El trabajo de investigación se divide en cinco capítulos: En el primer capítulo de la
investigación se desarrollará lo concerniente al planteamiento del problema, el cual
contiene el estado de cuestión, el problema, la hipótesis, y el diseño metodológico.
En el segundo capítulo se desarrollará lo concerniente al marco teórico iniciando con
el origen y la descripción de las diversas instituciones relevantes y los
pronunciamientos sobre el tema que forman parte del título de la presente tesis. A su
vez, en el tercer capítulo, presentamos los resultados de la investigación.
En el cuarto capítulo se desarrollará lo concerniente a la discusión, la cual contiene
los hallazgos encontrados a partir de la investigación realizada, analizados desde mis
propios conocimientos, la emisión de mis opiniones y juicios. Por último, exponemos
las conclusiones, así como las recomendaciones y la propuesta normativa.
The present investigation analyzes the cases of conflict between the mortgage creditor and the usucapient owner with the purpose of providing a solution, given the omission of an express regulation in our legal system on the liberatory effects of the acquisitive prescription of ownership (usucapio libertatis). In this context, we observe the effects of acquisitive prescription as a form of extinction of the liens constituted by the registered owner during the period in which the possessor had complied with a term and the other established legal requirements to be an owner by acquisitive prescription, but when the annotation of registration of his right recognized by judicial ruling was subsequent to the constitution of the mortgage that is currently in the execution stage, or when there is no final judgment that recognizes his right of ownership. Likewise, among the questions raised, the validity of the mortgage contract will be addressed and whether this requires that the registered owner verifies the current possession of the property or not, in response to good faith understood as diligent behavior, and whether the requirement of diligent behavior extends to those who acquire the property once the judicial auction has been carried out. In order to better understand, it must be remembered that the mortgage has the characteristic that it pursues the real estate, that is, that if the main obligation to which the mortgage is accessory is not fulfilled, it can be executed to the payment of his debt regardless of who is owner of the real state, which would imply the risk of losing ownership of the real estate when it is awarded, as long as there is a valid chain of transfer of properties. If so, under this situation, two rights of the same nature (real) are violated: the property right obtained through a process of acquisitive prescription of ownership versus the real right of guarantees consisting of a previously registered mortgage. Finally, we show that the judgment declaring the acquisitive prescription of ownership extinguishes the previous property right, but does not have as an automatic effect the extinction of the other real rights that had been granted by virtue of the previous property right, including the mortgage. For these reasons, we consider it necessary to propose modifications to the articles of the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Code on which judges base their pronouncements, seeking to find the best solution to the confrontation of these legal institutions, and to ensure that the resolutions are consistent with the majority doctrine, without leaving them solely to judicial discretion with the risk of contradictory sentences arising as has been observed when analyzing the jurisprudence. The research work is divided into five chapters: In the first chapter of the research, what concerns the Statement of the Problem will be developed, which contains the state of affairs, the problem, the hypothesis, and the methodological design. Likewise, causes (direct and indirect) of the research problem are developed, based on the jurisprudential review. In the second chapter, the Theoretical Framework will be developed, starting with the origin and description of the various relevant institutions and the pronouncements on the topic that form part of the title of this thesis. At the same time, in the third chapter, we present the Results of the Research. In the fourth chapter, the Discussion will be developed, which contain the findings from the research carried out, analyzed from my own knowledge, the issuance of my opinions and judgments. Finally, we present the Conclusions, as well as the recommendations and the regulatory proposal.
The present investigation analyzes the cases of conflict between the mortgage creditor and the usucapient owner with the purpose of providing a solution, given the omission of an express regulation in our legal system on the liberatory effects of the acquisitive prescription of ownership (usucapio libertatis). In this context, we observe the effects of acquisitive prescription as a form of extinction of the liens constituted by the registered owner during the period in which the possessor had complied with a term and the other established legal requirements to be an owner by acquisitive prescription, but when the annotation of registration of his right recognized by judicial ruling was subsequent to the constitution of the mortgage that is currently in the execution stage, or when there is no final judgment that recognizes his right of ownership. Likewise, among the questions raised, the validity of the mortgage contract will be addressed and whether this requires that the registered owner verifies the current possession of the property or not, in response to good faith understood as diligent behavior, and whether the requirement of diligent behavior extends to those who acquire the property once the judicial auction has been carried out. In order to better understand, it must be remembered that the mortgage has the characteristic that it pursues the real estate, that is, that if the main obligation to which the mortgage is accessory is not fulfilled, it can be executed to the payment of his debt regardless of who is owner of the real state, which would imply the risk of losing ownership of the real estate when it is awarded, as long as there is a valid chain of transfer of properties. If so, under this situation, two rights of the same nature (real) are violated: the property right obtained through a process of acquisitive prescription of ownership versus the real right of guarantees consisting of a previously registered mortgage. Finally, we show that the judgment declaring the acquisitive prescription of ownership extinguishes the previous property right, but does not have as an automatic effect the extinction of the other real rights that had been granted by virtue of the previous property right, including the mortgage. For these reasons, we consider it necessary to propose modifications to the articles of the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Code on which judges base their pronouncements, seeking to find the best solution to the confrontation of these legal institutions, and to ensure that the resolutions are consistent with the majority doctrine, without leaving them solely to judicial discretion with the risk of contradictory sentences arising as has been observed when analyzing the jurisprudence. The research work is divided into five chapters: In the first chapter of the research, what concerns the Statement of the Problem will be developed, which contains the state of affairs, the problem, the hypothesis, and the methodological design. Likewise, causes (direct and indirect) of the research problem are developed, based on the jurisprudential review. In the second chapter, the Theoretical Framework will be developed, starting with the origin and description of the various relevant institutions and the pronouncements on the topic that form part of the title of this thesis. At the same time, in the third chapter, we present the Results of the Research. In the fourth chapter, the Discussion will be developed, which contain the findings from the research carried out, analyzed from my own knowledge, the issuance of my opinions and judgments. Finally, we present the Conclusions, as well as the recommendations and the regulatory proposal.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Prescripción adquisitiva--Perú, Derecho civil--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho civil--Legislación--Perú, Hipoteca--Legislación--Perú, Propiedad inmueble--Perú
Citación
Colecciones
item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess