Hacia un concepto tetradimensional de ideología en Karl Marx
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2019-02-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación ofrece, a partir de una contraposición con la obra de Louis
Althusser, una propuesta interpretativa sobre la evolución del concepto de ideología en la
obra de Karl Marx. Para ello se ha cubierto textos de juventud, aquellos vinculados al
estudio de la Economía Política y, finalmente, textos de corte periodístico y político. El
resultado principal al que se ha arribado es la identificación de cuatro dimensiones o
aspectos de una compleja teoría de la ideología. Así, la ideología es inversión y retorno a
la praxis humana, es una teoría sobre dicha praxis desde una perspectiva histórica, es
crítica al ocultamiento de procesos sociales reales y, finalmente, es también una forma de
mostrar operaciones de hegemonización ilegítimas, en la medida que se anteponen los
intereses económicos de clase frente al sistema categorial y doctrinal del pensamiento
político. Finalmente, mediante la articulación de las diversas dimensiones de la teoría de
la ideología, se puede obtener un potente arsenal para el análisis y crítica social. Esta
última cuestión muestra la vigencia y actualidad del pensamiento del filósofo de Tréveris.
The present research thesis offers, departing from a contrast with the oeuvre of Louis Althusser, an interpretive proposal on the evolution of the concept of ideology in the work of Karl Marx. To this extent, we have covered a wide variety of Marxian texts, including his young writings, those linked to the study of Political Economy and, finally, journalistic and political texts. The main result that has been reached is the identification of four dimensions or aspects of a complex theory of ideology. Thus, the ideology is inversion and return to human praxis, it is a theory about this praxis from a historical perspective, it is critic of the concealment of real social processes and, finally, it is also a way to show illegitimate hegemonization operations, to the extent that class economic interests are placed before the categorical and doctrinal system of political thought. Finally, by articulating the various dimensions of the theory of ideology, a powerful arsenal can be obtained for social analysis and criticism. This last issue shows the validity and timeliness of the thought of the philosopher of Trier.
The present research thesis offers, departing from a contrast with the oeuvre of Louis Althusser, an interpretive proposal on the evolution of the concept of ideology in the work of Karl Marx. To this extent, we have covered a wide variety of Marxian texts, including his young writings, those linked to the study of Political Economy and, finally, journalistic and political texts. The main result that has been reached is the identification of four dimensions or aspects of a complex theory of ideology. Thus, the ideology is inversion and return to human praxis, it is a theory about this praxis from a historical perspective, it is critic of the concealment of real social processes and, finally, it is also a way to show illegitimate hegemonization operations, to the extent that class economic interests are placed before the categorical and doctrinal system of political thought. Finally, by articulating the various dimensions of the theory of ideology, a powerful arsenal can be obtained for social analysis and criticism. This last issue shows the validity and timeliness of the thought of the philosopher of Trier.
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Ideología, Historia--Filosofía, Marx, Karl, 1818-1883, Althussser, Louis, 1918-1990
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