Modelo ProLab: Cierre de minas con tecnosoles para la restauración ambiental en minería a tajo abierto
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En la actualidad la explotación de minas y canteras a cielo abierto en el Perú origina una
pérdida de materia orgánica, nutrientes y capacidad hídrica del suelo, generando pasivos
ambientales. Como resultado de la minería a tajo abierto en el Perú hay 7.668 pasivos (MINEM,
2024), sabemos también que la legislación ambiental establece que las empresas mineras deben
realizar el cierre de mina después de la explotación, de acuerdo con lo indicado en la Ley 31347
donde se establece que las empresas mineras deben presentar un plan de cierre de mina antes de
iniciar la explotación (MEM, 2022).
Desde esta perspectiva, se presenta una valiosa oportunidad para efectuar el cierre de
minas mediante una alternativa innovadora y sostenible basada en el uso de tecnosoles. Esta
iniciativa busca aportar significativamente al cumplimiento de dos Objetivos de Desarrollo
Sostenible (ODS): el ODS 08 “Trabajo decente y crecimiento económico” y el ODS 15 “Vida de
ecosistemas terrestres”. En este contexto, ofreceremos a las operaciones mineras un producto
ambientalmente responsable, elaborado con residuos orgánicos, inorgánicos y cenizas
recolectadas en las comunidades locales cercanas. De esta forma, no solo contribuiremos a la
sostenibilidad ambiental, sino que también impulsaremos el desarrollo económico de las zonas
directamente involucradas en la actividad minera.
La decisión de llevar adelante este proyecto se apoya en sólidos resultados financieros,
reflejados en un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de USD 1'081,307.24 y una Tasa Interna de Retorno
(TIR) del 42%, cifras que lo hacen especialmente atractivo para potenciales inversionistas.
Además, al promover principios de economía circular, el proyecto resulta viable y sostenible a
largo plazo. Por otra parte, desde una perspectiva social, presenta un VAN social de USD
890,452.13, lo cual evidencia claramente los beneficios ambientales generados, las mejoras en la
salud comunitaria y el impulso al desarrollo económico local.
Currently, open-pit mining and quarrying activities in Peru result in significant losses of organic matter, nutrients, and soil water retention capacity, generating environmental liabilities. As a consequence of open-pit mining, there are 7,668 environmental liabilities recorded in Peru (MINEM, 2024). Additionally, environmental legislation mandates that mining companies perform mine closure activities upon concluding their operations, as outlined in Law 31347, which requires mining companies to submit a mine closure plan before starting exploitation (MEM, 2022). From this perspective, there is a valuable opportunity to implement mine closures through an innovative and sustainable solution utilizing technosols. This initiative aims to significantly contribute to achieving two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 08 "Decent Work and Economic Growth" and SDG 15 "Life on Land." Accordingly, we will offer mining operations an environmentally responsible product developed from organic waste, inorganic waste, and ashes collected from local communities near mining operations. This approach not only enhances environmental sustainability but also promotes economic growth within the directly impacted communities. The decision to advance this project is supported by strong financial outcomes, including a Net Present Value (NPV) of USD 1,081,307.24 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 42%, making it highly attractive to potential investors. Moreover, by fostering principles of circular economy, the project becomes feasible and sustainable in the long term. Furthermore, from a social profitability perspective, it demonstrates a social NPV of USD 890,452.13, clearly reflecting positive impacts on environmental protection, community health improvement, and local economic development.
Currently, open-pit mining and quarrying activities in Peru result in significant losses of organic matter, nutrients, and soil water retention capacity, generating environmental liabilities. As a consequence of open-pit mining, there are 7,668 environmental liabilities recorded in Peru (MINEM, 2024). Additionally, environmental legislation mandates that mining companies perform mine closure activities upon concluding their operations, as outlined in Law 31347, which requires mining companies to submit a mine closure plan before starting exploitation (MEM, 2022). From this perspective, there is a valuable opportunity to implement mine closures through an innovative and sustainable solution utilizing technosols. This initiative aims to significantly contribute to achieving two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 08 "Decent Work and Economic Growth" and SDG 15 "Life on Land." Accordingly, we will offer mining operations an environmentally responsible product developed from organic waste, inorganic waste, and ashes collected from local communities near mining operations. This approach not only enhances environmental sustainability but also promotes economic growth within the directly impacted communities. The decision to advance this project is supported by strong financial outcomes, including a Net Present Value (NPV) of USD 1,081,307.24 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 42%, making it highly attractive to potential investors. Moreover, by fostering principles of circular economy, the project becomes feasible and sustainable in the long term. Furthermore, from a social profitability perspective, it demonstrates a social NPV of USD 890,452.13, clearly reflecting positive impacts on environmental protection, community health improvement, and local economic development.
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Palabras clave
Industria minera--Aspectos ambientales--Perú, Minería a cielo abierto, Explotación a cielo abierto, Análisis del impacto ambiental--Perú
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item.page.review
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