Modelo ProLab: BiogasPerú sistemas de biogás como alternativa sostenible para el aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos orgánicos en comunidades que utilizan leña y carbón para cocinar
Fecha
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
En el Perú, el manejo residual de sólidos orgánicos es deficiente, pues la mayor
porción de estos, que representan entre el 50% y 60% de los desechos domésticos, no se
separan ni se tratan adecuadamente debido a la falta de infraestructura y planes integrales.
Esto genera impactos negativos significativos, como la emisión de metano, un gas con efecto
invernadero de elevado riesgo para el calentamiento del globo, y la polución hídrica
subterránea y en suelos por lixiviados. Pese a que 76.4% de los residuos tiene potencial de
valorización, solo se recicla un 0.98%, lo que refleja una oportunidad desaprovechada para
reducir la transformación del clima y reforzar la salud pública. En el Perú, la gestión de
residuos sólidos orgánicos es deficiente, ya que gran parte de estos, que representan entre el
50% y 60% de los desechos domésticos, no se separan ni se tratan adecuadamente debido a la
falta de infraestructura y planes integrales. Esto genera impactos negativos significativos,
como la emisión de metano, un gas de efecto invernadero con alto potencial de calentamiento
global, y la contaminación de suelos y aguas subterráneas por lixiviados. A pesar de que el
76.4% de los residuos tiene potencial de valorización, solo se recicla un 0.98%, lo que refleja
una oportunidad desaprovechada para mitigar el cambio climático y mejorar la salud pública.
El Producto Mínimo Viable (PMV) de Biocaxa consistió en la distribución de balones
de biogás reutilizables y cocinas portátiles adaptadas, complementado con un sistema
logístico que incluyó un centro de distribución y programas de capacitación. Este PMV buscó
validar la aceptación y funcionalidad de la solución, asegurando el abastecimiento, la
recolección de balones vacíos y el uso seguro del biogás por parte de las familias. La
propuesta de valor de BIOCAXA se centró en ofrecer una alternativa sostenible y accesible a
la leña y el carbón, perfeccionando el bienestar de vida y promoviendo prácticas más
saludables y responsables con el medio ambiente.
Los indicadores financieros de Biocaxa confirman su viabilidad y atractivo para los
inversionistas. El Costo de Oportunidad del Capital (COK) es del 22.18%, estableciendo una
meta mínima de retorno, en tanto que el Costo Promedio Ponderado de Capital (WACC) de
15.59% asegura que los retornos superan el costo del financiamiento. La Tasa Interna de
Retorno Económica (TIRE) del 42.83% y el Valor Presente Neto Económico (VPNE) de S/
4,825,654.5 reflejan la rentabilidad económica del proyecto. A nivel financiero, la TIRF del
72.67% y el VPNF de S/ 3,891,299.9 destacan su capacidad para generar valor para el
accionariado. Finalmente, la Tasa Interna de Retorno Modificada (TIRM) del 49.63%
confirma la estabilidad en los rendimientos esperados, posicionando a Biocaxa como un
proyecto económicamente sólido y financieramente rentable. Biocaxa impacta directamente
en el ODS 7: Energía Asequible y No Contaminante, incrementando la disponibilidad de
energía con trazabilidad y sostenibilidad mediante el uso de biogás, reduciendo la
dependencia de leña y carbón. Asimismo, contribuye al ODS 3: Salud y Bienestar, al
perfeccionar la situación del aire en los hogares rurales y reducir enfermedades respiratorias
asociadas al humo, favoreciendo un entorno más saludable para las familias. El Valor Actual
Neto (VAN) social de Biocaxa, estimado con un índice de rebaja del 8%, asciende a S/
8,825,322.77, reflejando su sostenibilidad social y económica. Este resultado destaca la
repercusión beneficiosa en la mitigación de emisiones contaminantes y la mejora del
bienestar en comunas rurales.
In Peru, residual management of organic solids is deficient, since the largest portion of these, which represent between 50% and 60% of domestic waste, are not separated or treated adequately due to the lack of infrastructure and comprehensive plans. This generates significant negative impacts, such as the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas with a high risk for global warming, and underground water and soil pollution due to leachate. Although 76.4% of waste has recovery potential, only 0.98% is recycled, reflecting a missed opportunity to reduce climate change and strengthen public health. In Peru, the management of organic solid waste is deficient, since a large part of this, which represents between 50% and 60% of domestic waste, is not separated or treated adequately due to the lack of infrastructure and comprehensive plans. This generates significant negative impacts, such as the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas with high global warming potential, and the contamination of soils and groundwater by leachate. Although 76.4% of waste has recovery potential, only 0.98% is recycled, reflecting a missed opportunity to mitigate climate change and improve public health. Biocaxa's Minimum Viable Product (MVP) consisted of the distribution of reusable biogas cylinders and adapted portable kitchens, complemented by a logistics system that included a distribution center and training programs. This PMV sought to validate the acceptance and functionality of the solution, ensuring the supply, the collection of empty cylinders and the safe use of biogas by families. BIOCAXA's value proposition focused on offering a sustainable and accessible alternative to firewood and charcoal, improving wellbeing and promoting healthier and more environmentally responsible practices. Biocaxa's financial indicators confirm its viability and attractiveness for investors. The Opportunity Cost of Capital (COK) is 22.18%, establishing a minimum return goal, while the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 15.59% ensures that returns exceed the cost of financing. The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of 42.83% and the Economic Net Present Value (EPNE) of S/ 4,825,654.5 reflect the economic profitability of the project. At a financial level, the TIRF of 72.67% and the NPVF of S/ 3,891,299.9 highlight its ability to generate value for shareholders. Finally, the Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) of 49.63% confirms the stability in the expected returns, positioning Biocaxa as an economically solid and financially profitable project. Biocaxa directly impacts SDG 7: Affordable and Non-Polluting Energy, increasing the availability of energy with traceability and sustainability through the use of biogas, reducing dependence on firewood and charcoal. Likewise, it contributes to SDG 3: Health and Well-being, by improving the air situation in rural homes and reducing respiratory diseases associated with smoke, promoting a healthier environment for families. Biocaxa's social Net Present Value (NPV), estimated with a discount rate of 8%, amounts to S/ 8,825,322.77, reflecting its social and economic sustainability. This result highlights the beneficial impact on mitigating polluting emissions and improving well-being in rural communities.
In Peru, residual management of organic solids is deficient, since the largest portion of these, which represent between 50% and 60% of domestic waste, are not separated or treated adequately due to the lack of infrastructure and comprehensive plans. This generates significant negative impacts, such as the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas with a high risk for global warming, and underground water and soil pollution due to leachate. Although 76.4% of waste has recovery potential, only 0.98% is recycled, reflecting a missed opportunity to reduce climate change and strengthen public health. In Peru, the management of organic solid waste is deficient, since a large part of this, which represents between 50% and 60% of domestic waste, is not separated or treated adequately due to the lack of infrastructure and comprehensive plans. This generates significant negative impacts, such as the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas with high global warming potential, and the contamination of soils and groundwater by leachate. Although 76.4% of waste has recovery potential, only 0.98% is recycled, reflecting a missed opportunity to mitigate climate change and improve public health. Biocaxa's Minimum Viable Product (MVP) consisted of the distribution of reusable biogas cylinders and adapted portable kitchens, complemented by a logistics system that included a distribution center and training programs. This PMV sought to validate the acceptance and functionality of the solution, ensuring the supply, the collection of empty cylinders and the safe use of biogas by families. BIOCAXA's value proposition focused on offering a sustainable and accessible alternative to firewood and charcoal, improving wellbeing and promoting healthier and more environmentally responsible practices. Biocaxa's financial indicators confirm its viability and attractiveness for investors. The Opportunity Cost of Capital (COK) is 22.18%, establishing a minimum return goal, while the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 15.59% ensures that returns exceed the cost of financing. The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of 42.83% and the Economic Net Present Value (EPNE) of S/ 4,825,654.5 reflect the economic profitability of the project. At a financial level, the TIRF of 72.67% and the NPVF of S/ 3,891,299.9 highlight its ability to generate value for shareholders. Finally, the Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) of 49.63% confirms the stability in the expected returns, positioning Biocaxa as an economically solid and financially profitable project. Biocaxa directly impacts SDG 7: Affordable and Non-Polluting Energy, increasing the availability of energy with traceability and sustainability through the use of biogas, reducing dependence on firewood and charcoal. Likewise, it contributes to SDG 3: Health and Well-being, by improving the air situation in rural homes and reducing respiratory diseases associated with smoke, promoting a healthier environment for families. Biocaxa's social Net Present Value (NPV), estimated with a discount rate of 8%, amounts to S/ 8,825,322.77, reflecting its social and economic sustainability. This result highlights the beneficial impact on mitigating polluting emissions and improving well-being in rural communities.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Residuos sólidos--Tratamiento--Perú, Gestión integrada de residuos, Biogás--Elaboración