Inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad del Programa Nacional de Empleo Juvenil “Jóvenes Productivos” durante el periodo 2017 – 2018 en Lima- Callao
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación aborda la inclusión laboral de personas con
discapacidad beneficiarias del Programa Nacional de Empleo Juvenil “Jóvenes
Productivos” durante el periodo 2017-2018 en Lima y Callao. La discapacidad, que
afecta a una parte considerable de la población mundial, continúa siendo un desafío
en términos de acceso al empleo formal. En el contexto peruano, si bien existen
normas como la Ley N.° 29973 que promueven la igualdad de oportunidades, la
implementación de políticas efectivas de inclusión laboral aún enfrenta obstáculos
estructurales, culturales e institucionales que limitan la participación plena de este
grupo en el mercado laboral.
La investigación se enfoca en analizar cómo las acciones del programa
“Jóvenes Productivos” contribuyen a la inserción laboral de jóvenes con
discapacidad, específicamente a través de la búsqueda de demanda empresarial, la
focalización de beneficiarios y la adecuación de las capacitaciones a sus
necesidades. Se parte del reconocimiento de una problemática persistente: la baja
participación de los jóvenes con discapacidad en empleos formales, la cual se
caracteriza por vínculos laborales inestables, empleos de baja calificación y escasa
permanencia.
El objetivo general de esta tesis consiste en identificar en qué medida el
programa Jóvenes Productivos logra efectivamente la inserción laboral de jóvenes
con discapacidad, considerando la pertinencia de sus estrategias y las condiciones
de implementación en las regiones estudiadas. La metodología empleada fue de
tipo mixto, combinando herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se realizaron
entrevistas a jóvenes beneficiarios, padres de familia, funcionarios del Ministerio de
Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo, vinculadores laborales y especialistas en
inclusión, además del análisis documental de información oficial. La muestra estuvo
conformada por trece jóvenes con diferentes tipos de discapacidad, lo cual permitió
recoger una visión amplia y representativa de la situación.
Los resultados de la investigación revelan que, si bien el programa presenta
una intención inclusiva, esta no se materializa completamente en acciones efectivas
que garanticen la inserción laboral sostenible de los jóvenes con discapacidad.
Entre las principales limitaciones identificadas se encuentran la falta de personal
especializado en discapacidad, la rotación constante de directivos y técnicos, la
escasa difusión de la cuota laboral destinada a este grupo y la ausencia de
adaptación pedagógica en los procesos de capacitación. Asimismo, se evidencian
problemas estructurales que dificultan una adecuada implementación, tales como la
contratación de personal mediante órdenes de servicio, la precariedad de los
empleos ofrecidos y la desarticulación entre la capacitación brindada y las
exigencias reales del mercado.
Pese a estas limitaciones, la investigación identifica también oportunidades
de mejora. Se destaca el potencial de herramientas como la Guía de Análisis de
Puestos y Habilidades del MTPE, que, si se aplica con enfoque inclusivo, podría
mejorar el emparejamiento entre los perfiles de los jóvenes y las ofertas laborales
disponibles. También se reconoce el rol clave que cumplen las familias y redes de
apoyo en facilitar el acceso al programa.
Finalmente, se concluye que el programa Jóvenes Productivos puede
convertirse en un instrumento valioso para promover la inclusión laboral, siempre
que se implementen ajustes institucionales y metodológicos que prioricen la
accesibilidad, la especialización del personal, la adaptación de contenidos
formativos y una mayor articulación con el sector empleador. La información
generada por esta investigación busca aportar evidencia útil para fortalecer las
estrategias del programa y avanzar hacia una política pública más equitativa e
inclusiva para los jóvenes con discapacidad.
This research addresses the labor inclusion of people with disabilities who are beneficiaries of the National Youth Employment Program "Jóvenes Productivos" during the period 2017–2018 in Lima and Callao. Disability, which affects a significant portion of the global population, continues to be a challenge in terms of access to formal employment. In the Peruvian context, although regulations such as Law No. 29973 promote equal opportunities, the implementation of effective labor inclusion policies still faces structural, cultural, and institutional barriers that limit the full participation of this group in the labor market. The study focuses on analyzing how the actions of the "Jóvenes Productivos" program contribute to the labor insertion of young people with disabilities, specifically through business demand generation, beneficiary targeting, and the adaptation of training processes to meet their specific needs. The research starts from the recognition of a persistent problem: the low participation of young people with disabilities in formal employment, which is often characterized by unstable work relationships, low-skilled jobs, and short employment durations. The general objective of this thesis is to identify to what extent the “Jóvenes Productivos” program effectively achieves the labor insertion of young people with disabilities, taking into account the relevance of its strategies and the conditions under which they are implemented in the studied regions. The methodology used was mixed, combining qualitative and quantitative tools. Interviews were conducted with young beneficiaries, family members, officials from the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion, job placement officers, and inclusion specialists. In addition, official documentation was analyzed. The sample consisted of thirteen young people with different types of disabilities, allowing for a broad and representative understanding of the situation. The findings reveal that although the program shows an inclusive intention, this does not fully translate into effective actions that ensure sustainable labor insertion for young people with disabilities. Key limitations identified include the lack of specialized personnel in disability, the constant turnover of directors and technical staff, the limited dissemination of the employment quota for this group, and the lack of pedagogical adaptation in the training processes. Furthermore, structural issues hinder proper implementation, such as the hiring of staff under service contracts, the precarious nature of the jobs offered, and the disconnect between the training provided and the actual demands of the labor market. Despite these limitations, the study also identifies opportunities for improvement. Tools such as the Job and Skills Analysis Guide by the MTPE are highlighted for their potential to better match youth profiles with available job opportunities, especially when applied with an inclusive approach. The key role of families and support networks in facilitating access to the program is also recognized. In conclusion, the “Jóvenes Productivos” program has the potential to become a valuable tool for promoting labor inclusion, as long as institutional and methodological adjustments are implemented to prioritize accessibility, staff specialization, adaptation of training content, and greater coordination with employers. The information generated by this research aims to provide useful evidence to strengthen the program’s strategies and move toward a more equitable and inclusive public policy for young people with disabilities.
This research addresses the labor inclusion of people with disabilities who are beneficiaries of the National Youth Employment Program "Jóvenes Productivos" during the period 2017–2018 in Lima and Callao. Disability, which affects a significant portion of the global population, continues to be a challenge in terms of access to formal employment. In the Peruvian context, although regulations such as Law No. 29973 promote equal opportunities, the implementation of effective labor inclusion policies still faces structural, cultural, and institutional barriers that limit the full participation of this group in the labor market. The study focuses on analyzing how the actions of the "Jóvenes Productivos" program contribute to the labor insertion of young people with disabilities, specifically through business demand generation, beneficiary targeting, and the adaptation of training processes to meet their specific needs. The research starts from the recognition of a persistent problem: the low participation of young people with disabilities in formal employment, which is often characterized by unstable work relationships, low-skilled jobs, and short employment durations. The general objective of this thesis is to identify to what extent the “Jóvenes Productivos” program effectively achieves the labor insertion of young people with disabilities, taking into account the relevance of its strategies and the conditions under which they are implemented in the studied regions. The methodology used was mixed, combining qualitative and quantitative tools. Interviews were conducted with young beneficiaries, family members, officials from the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion, job placement officers, and inclusion specialists. In addition, official documentation was analyzed. The sample consisted of thirteen young people with different types of disabilities, allowing for a broad and representative understanding of the situation. The findings reveal that although the program shows an inclusive intention, this does not fully translate into effective actions that ensure sustainable labor insertion for young people with disabilities. Key limitations identified include the lack of specialized personnel in disability, the constant turnover of directors and technical staff, the limited dissemination of the employment quota for this group, and the lack of pedagogical adaptation in the training processes. Furthermore, structural issues hinder proper implementation, such as the hiring of staff under service contracts, the precarious nature of the jobs offered, and the disconnect between the training provided and the actual demands of the labor market. Despite these limitations, the study also identifies opportunities for improvement. Tools such as the Job and Skills Analysis Guide by the MTPE are highlighted for their potential to better match youth profiles with available job opportunities, especially when applied with an inclusive approach. The key role of families and support networks in facilitating access to the program is also recognized. In conclusion, the “Jóvenes Productivos” program has the potential to become a valuable tool for promoting labor inclusion, as long as institutional and methodological adjustments are implemented to prioritize accessibility, staff specialization, adaptation of training content, and greater coordination with employers. The information generated by this research aims to provide useful evidence to strengthen the program’s strategies and move toward a more equitable and inclusive public policy for young people with disabilities.
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Personas con discapacidad--Empleo--Perú--Lima--Siglo XXI, Política del empleo--Perú--Lima--Siglo XXI, Jóvenes--Empleo--Perú--Lima--Siglo XXI, Programas sociales--Evaluación
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