Idoneidad didáctica de videos educativos para la enseñanza de fracciones en el nivel primario
Date
2023-10-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este estudio se centra en valorar la idoneidad didáctica de una serie de videos educativos de
matemáticas de fracciones relacionados a las nociones parte-todo y razón, dirigidos al nivel
primario. Diversas investigaciones previas detallan la necesidad de continuar investigando este
objeto matemático (fracciones) debido a la complejidad que representa para alumnos y docentes.
Por otro lado, el uso del video es ampliamente aceptado dentro de la comunidad educativa. Por
ende, en esta investigación, se profundiza en la adaptación de indicadores que permitan valorar
la idoneidad didáctica de un video. Para lograr todo ello, se inicia con la revisión de diferentes
antecedentes relacionados al objeto fracciones. Además, se revisa los antecedentes
relacionados al análisis y valoración de idoneidad de videos educativos. Luego, se profundiza en
los significados de referencia de las fracciones y se establecen configuraciones epistémicas de
los dos significados a analizar de dicho objeto. Después, se adaptan indicadores y componentes
de idoneidad didáctica en tres dimensiones: epistémica, mediacional y afectiva, de tal manera
que se encuentren adaptados a las fracciones y a los videos. Para ello, se recurre a la noción de
idoneidad didáctica descrita en la Teoría de Idoneidad Didáctica dentro del Enfoque
Ontosemiótico o EOS. Luego, se realiza un análisis detallado de ocho videos seleccionados y se
emplean los indicadores planteados para valorar la idoneidad didáctica en las tres dimensiones
mencionadas. El análisis y discusión de los resultados muestran que existe campo de mejora en
la idoneidad didáctica de los videos de fracciones. Respecto al análisis de idoneidad epistémica,
se documenta que dos de los ocho videos analizados usaron definiciones de fracción poco claras
o alejadas de las definiciones de referencia. Además, en el análisis de la idoneidad mediacional
se encontraron inconsistencias en las transcripciones de números y operaciones matemáticas
por parte de la tecnología de reconocimiento de voz, así como la ausencia de referencias y
enlaces consultados en la elaboración de los videos. Por último, en el análisis de idoneidad
afectiva se detecta el uso de animaciones para crear contenidos llamativos y mejorar la precisión
de las gráficas empleadas en la representación del objeto matemático.
This study seeks to evaluate the didactic suitability of educational math videos of fractions aimed to the primary level and related to the meaning part-whole and ratio. Several previous studies explain in detail the need of further research on this mathematical object (fractions) due to the complexity it represents for students and teachers. On the other hand, the use of videos is widely accepted within the educational community, which is why, in this research, we delve into the adaptation of indicators that allow us to evaluate the didactic suitability of a video. To carry out this study, the first step is to review of different backgrounds related to the object fractions and backgrounds related to the analysis and assessment of the suitability of educational videos. Then, the reference meanings of the fractions are examined in depth and epistemic configurations of the two meanings to be analyzed of this object are established. Then, indicators and components of didactic suitability are adapted in three dimensions: epistemic, mediational, and affective, in such a way that they are adapted to the fractions and the videos. For this, the notion of didactic suitability described in the Theory of Didactic Suitability within the Onto-semiotic Approach or OSA is used. Later, a detailed analysis of the eight selected videos is carried out, and the proposed indicators are assessed to evaluate the didactic suitability of those videos in the three dimensions mentioned above. The analysis and discussion of the results show that there is room for improvement in the didactic suitability of the fraction videos. Regarding the analysis of epistemic suitability, it is documented that two of the eight videos analyzed used fraction definitions that were unclear or far from the reference definitions. In addition, in the analysis of mediational suitability, inconsistencies were found in the transcriptions of numbers and mathematical operations by voice recognition technology, as well as the absence of references and links consulted in the preparation of the videos. Finally, in the affective suitability analysis, the use of animations to create eye-catching content and improve the precision of the graphics used in the representation of the mathematical object is detected.
This study seeks to evaluate the didactic suitability of educational math videos of fractions aimed to the primary level and related to the meaning part-whole and ratio. Several previous studies explain in detail the need of further research on this mathematical object (fractions) due to the complexity it represents for students and teachers. On the other hand, the use of videos is widely accepted within the educational community, which is why, in this research, we delve into the adaptation of indicators that allow us to evaluate the didactic suitability of a video. To carry out this study, the first step is to review of different backgrounds related to the object fractions and backgrounds related to the analysis and assessment of the suitability of educational videos. Then, the reference meanings of the fractions are examined in depth and epistemic configurations of the two meanings to be analyzed of this object are established. Then, indicators and components of didactic suitability are adapted in three dimensions: epistemic, mediational, and affective, in such a way that they are adapted to the fractions and the videos. For this, the notion of didactic suitability described in the Theory of Didactic Suitability within the Onto-semiotic Approach or OSA is used. Later, a detailed analysis of the eight selected videos is carried out, and the proposed indicators are assessed to evaluate the didactic suitability of those videos in the three dimensions mentioned above. The analysis and discussion of the results show that there is room for improvement in the didactic suitability of the fraction videos. Regarding the analysis of epistemic suitability, it is documented that two of the eight videos analyzed used fraction definitions that were unclear or far from the reference definitions. In addition, in the analysis of mediational suitability, inconsistencies were found in the transcriptions of numbers and mathematical operations by voice recognition technology, as well as the absence of references and links consulted in the preparation of the videos. Finally, in the affective suitability analysis, the use of animations to create eye-catching content and improve the precision of the graphics used in the representation of the mathematical object is detected.
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Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Fracciones--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Educación primaria--Investigaciones
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