El protocolo familiar como mecanismo jurídico para la planificación sucesoral en las empresas familiares del Perú
Date
2024-01-18
Authors
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo de la presente investigación es comprender la viabilidad de la aplicación del
protocolo familiar como mecanismo destinado a diseñar una planeación sucesoral familiar
efectiva, para así traspasar la titularidad de la organización a futuras generaciones, basado en
cláusulas sucesorales susceptibles de registro para garantizar la validez del contenido ante
accionistas y terceros. Se plantea como hipótesis que el protocolo familiar es eficaz para la
planeación sucesoral familiar y permite el traspaso de la titularidad de la organización a las
generaciones futuras. La metodología empleada fue el análisis inductivo del método
comparativo, aplicada a normas jurídicas vigentes españolas y peruanas, usando la
hermenéutica jurídica en base a posturas teóricas del derecho corporativo. Analizado el
problema de estudio se procedió a realizar una propuesta de estrategia de política legislativa,
planteando una reforma legislativa a la vigente Ley General de Sociedades para que regule
los protocolos familiares como mecanismos para la trasmisión de la propiedad de la empresa
familiar por traspaso generacional. Se concluye que el protocolo familiar es un instrumento
basado en un acuerdo de voluntades entre accionistas que lo componen, que buscan definir
los principios y valores vinculantes al negocio comercial, pero carente de eficacia jurídica
para ser oponible ante terceros, perdiendo el interés de su aplicación en este tipo de
sociedades por ausencia de vías jurídicas que garantice su cumplimiento, generando como
consecuencia la inexistencia de mecanismos legales para dar continuidad a las operaciones
empresariales basado en la planificación sucesoral a largo plazo involucrando a las nuevas
generaciones.
The objective of this research is to understand the viability of the application of the family protocol as a mechanism aimed at designing an effective family succession planning, in order to transfer the ownership of the organization to future generations, based on succession clauses that can be registered to guarantee the validity of the content before shareholders and third parties. It is hypothesized that the family protocol is effective for family succession planning and allows the transfer of ownership of the organization to future generations. The methodology used was the inductive analysis of the comparative method, applied to current Spanish and Peruvian legal norms, using legal hermeneutics based on theoretical positions of corporate law. Once the study problem was analyzed, a proposal for a legislative policy strategy was made, proposing a legislative reform to the current General Law of Companies to regulate family protocols as mechanisms for the transmission of ownership of the family business by generational transfer. It is concluded that the family protocol is an instrument based on an agreement of wills between shareholders that compose it, who seek to define the principles and values binding on the commercial business, but lacking legal effectiveness to be enforceable against third parties, losing the interest of its application in this type of companies due to the absence of legal channels that guarantee its compliance, resulting in the non-existence of legal mechanisms to give continuity to business operations based on longterm succession planning involving the new generations.
The objective of this research is to understand the viability of the application of the family protocol as a mechanism aimed at designing an effective family succession planning, in order to transfer the ownership of the organization to future generations, based on succession clauses that can be registered to guarantee the validity of the content before shareholders and third parties. It is hypothesized that the family protocol is effective for family succession planning and allows the transfer of ownership of the organization to future generations. The methodology used was the inductive analysis of the comparative method, applied to current Spanish and Peruvian legal norms, using legal hermeneutics based on theoretical positions of corporate law. Once the study problem was analyzed, a proposal for a legislative policy strategy was made, proposing a legislative reform to the current General Law of Companies to regulate family protocols as mechanisms for the transmission of ownership of the family business by generational transfer. It is concluded that the family protocol is an instrument based on an agreement of wills between shareholders that compose it, who seek to define the principles and values binding on the commercial business, but lacking legal effectiveness to be enforceable against third parties, losing the interest of its application in this type of companies due to the absence of legal channels that guarantee its compliance, resulting in the non-existence of legal mechanisms to give continuity to business operations based on longterm succession planning involving the new generations.
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Keywords
Empresas familiares--Legislación--Perú, Derecho societario--Legislación--Perú, Derecho sucesorio--Legislación--Perú