Un instrumento con potencial: la literacidad financiera para mejorar las decisiones de toma de créditos
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2025-02-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El sistema financiero ha tenido una evolución volátil a lo largo del tiempo, lo
cual ha provocado que se vuelva cada vez más complejo. Esto lleva a los individuos
a intentar obtener las herramientas suficientes, con la finalidad de poder tomar las
decisiones correctas que ayuden en el incremento de su bienestar. La literacidad
financiera se presenta, como una opción, dentro de este grupo de herramientas. Si
bien no hay un consenso sobre la definición exacta de esta variable, tampoco hay
estudios que permitan ver la relación que tiene esta con otras variables que llegan a
afectar a los individuos, tales como: cantidad de préstamos, morosidad,
endeudamiento, etc. Es por ello que, este estudio busca brindar una definición clara
sobre la literacidad financiera, basada en una revisión de literatura local e
internacional, y buscar el efecto que tiene sobre las variables de “Tenencia de
Préstamos” e “Incapacidad de Pago”. Para ello, se hace uso de la base de datos de
la “Encuesta de Medición de Capacidades Financieras: Perú 2019”, recolectada por
la CAF – Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina y la Superintendencia de Banca,
Seguros y AFP (SBS). Para medir el efecto de dicha variable, se utilizará dos
diferentes análisis de regresión, uno para cada variable dependiente. En el caso de
“Tenencia de Préstamos”, se emplea una regresión lineal múltiple, donde se puede
obtener un resultado positivo. El aumentar la literacidad financiera, en una unidad,
tiene como efecto un aumento de 0.0469 en el número de préstamos. Mientras que,
para explorar el efecto de la variable “Incapacidad de Pago”, se usa una regresión
logística, no encontrándose efectos de la literacidad financiera sobre esta variable.
Como parte de la labor de responsabilidad social de las entidades financieras, se
recomienda la promoción de programas que involucren a la literacidad financiera, con
la finalidad de aumentar el capital humano.
The financial system has had a volatile evolution over time, which has caused it to become increasingly complex. This leads to the individuals to try to obtain sufficient tools, in order to be able to make the right decisions to help them increase their wellbeing. Financial literacy is presented as an option, within this group of tools. Although there is no consensus on the exact definition of this variable, there are no studies that allow us to see the relationship between this variable and others variables that affect individuals, such as: amount of loans, late payment, indebtedness, etc. For this reason, this study seeks to provide a clear definition of financial literacy, based on a review of local an international literature, and to look for the effect it has on the variables “Loan Holding” an “Inability to Pay”. To do so, we make use of the data base of the “Encuesta de Medición de Capacidades Financieras: Perú 2019”, collected by CAF – Development Bnk of Latin America and the Superintendence of Banking Insurance and Pension Fund Administrators (SBS). To measure the effect of this variable, two different regression analyses will be used, one for each dependent variable. In the case of “Loan Holding”, a multiple linear regression is used, where a positive result can be obtained. Increasing financial literacy, by one unit, has the effect of increasing the number of loans by 0.00469. Meanwhile, to explore the effect of the variable “Inability to Pay”, a logistic regression was used, and no effect of financial literacy on this variable was found. As part of the social responsibility work of financial institutions, the promotions of programs involving financial literacy is recommended in order to increase human capital.
The financial system has had a volatile evolution over time, which has caused it to become increasingly complex. This leads to the individuals to try to obtain sufficient tools, in order to be able to make the right decisions to help them increase their wellbeing. Financial literacy is presented as an option, within this group of tools. Although there is no consensus on the exact definition of this variable, there are no studies that allow us to see the relationship between this variable and others variables that affect individuals, such as: amount of loans, late payment, indebtedness, etc. For this reason, this study seeks to provide a clear definition of financial literacy, based on a review of local an international literature, and to look for the effect it has on the variables “Loan Holding” an “Inability to Pay”. To do so, we make use of the data base of the “Encuesta de Medición de Capacidades Financieras: Perú 2019”, collected by CAF – Development Bnk of Latin America and the Superintendence of Banking Insurance and Pension Fund Administrators (SBS). To measure the effect of this variable, two different regression analyses will be used, one for each dependent variable. In the case of “Loan Holding”, a multiple linear regression is used, where a positive result can be obtained. Increasing financial literacy, by one unit, has the effect of increasing the number of loans by 0.00469. Meanwhile, to explore the effect of the variable “Inability to Pay”, a logistic regression was used, and no effect of financial literacy on this variable was found. As part of the social responsibility work of financial institutions, the promotions of programs involving financial literacy is recommended in order to increase human capital.
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Finanzas personales--Perú, Crédito--Toma de decisiones--Perú, Mora (Finanzas)--Perú
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