La garantía del derecho fundamental a la pensión en los regímenes previsionales de los Decretos Leyes 20530 y 19990: Ejecución judicial oportuna, sencilla y eficaz
Date
2024-08-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación asume el derecho a la pensión como fuente generadora de
derechos y obligaciones, con la finalidad de poder garantizar la protección judicial y la
justiciabilidad en favor de los pensionistas adscritos en los decretos leyes 19990 y 20530,
tanto de las pensiones principales y sus derivados. No obstante, para concretar sus derechos
pensionarios, deben acudir a sede judicial, donde existen excesivos retrasos por barreras
normativas que frenan su goce efectivo y pleno. De esta forma, impide la ejecución de manera
oportuna y eficaz, tornándose que las sentencias judiciales sean vistas como actos aislados
de victoria frente a consecuencias naturales propias del ser humano (fallecimiento).
Por ello, el estudio de la ejecución de sentencias judiciales se ha efectuado desde la
revisión de la finalidad del derecho a la pensión, para obtener una celeridad adecuada e
idónea de materialización, con ello, elevar la calidad de vida de los pensionistas (vida digna).
Además, se ha relacionado con los estándares jurisprudenciales fijados por la Corte
Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
Actualmente, las pensiones en nuestro país pasan por esferas impropias a los estándares
jurisprudenciales fijados en sede convencional, porque la regulación es contraria al contenido
esencial por la mutilación de dos parámetros: las pensiones deben ser oportunas y sin
demoras, así como, disponer de mecanismos efectivos de reclamo frente a una violación del
derecho a la seguridad social. No obstante, podrá ser reversible con la modificación normativa
del Nuevo Código Procesal Constitucional, Ley del Proceso Contencioso Administrativa y el
artículo 73 del Decreto Legislativo 1440. De este modo, se permitirá una nueva visión integral
al cumplimiento de sentencias judiciales, para visibilizar y enfocar el problema de los
pensionistas.
Finalmente, los procesos judiciales de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Cajamarca permiten
contrastar las barreras normativas que afectan el derecho a la pensión, como garantía propia
de derecho alimentario y objetivo de no aplazar por tiempos irrazonables la etapa de
ejecución, sin tener una solución de efectividad y justiciabilidad.
This research assumes the right to a pension as a source of rights and obligations, with the purpose of guaranteeing judicial protection and justiciability in favor of the pensioners of Decrees Law 19990 and 20530. However, to materialize their pension rights, they must go to court, and many times these are delayed by regulatory barriers that hinder their effective and full enjoyment, preventing their execution of the judicial sentences in a short term, becoming isolated acts of victory in the face of natural consequences of the human being (death). Therefore, the study of the execution of judicial rulings has been worked from the verification of the purpose of the right to the pension, rights and principles that frame our legal system and conventional rights, to obtain an adequate and suitable celerity for its materialization, thus, raising the quality of life of pensioners (dignified life). Additionally, it has been linked to jurisprudential standards set by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Currently, pensions in our country fall short of jurisprudential standards set in conventional settings due to regulations contrary to essential content, by mutilating two parameters: Pensions must be timely and without delays and to have effective mechanisms musy be available for claming violations of the right to social security. However, this could be reversible with normative modifications in the New Constitutional Procedural Code, Administrative Litigation Process Law, and Article 73 of Legislative Decree 1440. Finally, judicial processes from the Superior Court of Justice of Cajamarca allow for contrasting that the normative barriers affecting the right to the pension, as a guarantee of a alimentary right and with the objective of no delaying the execution stage unreasonably without an effective and just solution.
This research assumes the right to a pension as a source of rights and obligations, with the purpose of guaranteeing judicial protection and justiciability in favor of the pensioners of Decrees Law 19990 and 20530. However, to materialize their pension rights, they must go to court, and many times these are delayed by regulatory barriers that hinder their effective and full enjoyment, preventing their execution of the judicial sentences in a short term, becoming isolated acts of victory in the face of natural consequences of the human being (death). Therefore, the study of the execution of judicial rulings has been worked from the verification of the purpose of the right to the pension, rights and principles that frame our legal system and conventional rights, to obtain an adequate and suitable celerity for its materialization, thus, raising the quality of life of pensioners (dignified life). Additionally, it has been linked to jurisprudential standards set by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Currently, pensions in our country fall short of jurisprudential standards set in conventional settings due to regulations contrary to essential content, by mutilating two parameters: Pensions must be timely and without delays and to have effective mechanisms musy be available for claming violations of the right to social security. However, this could be reversible with normative modifications in the New Constitutional Procedural Code, Administrative Litigation Process Law, and Article 73 of Legislative Decree 1440. Finally, judicial processes from the Superior Court of Justice of Cajamarca allow for contrasting that the normative barriers affecting the right to the pension, as a guarantee of a alimentary right and with the objective of no delaying the execution stage unreasonably without an effective and just solution.
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Derechos sociales--Perú, Seguridad social--Perú, Pensiones a la vejez--Perú
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