Apego adulto y violencia de pareja íntima en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana
Date
2020-02-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Desde la Teoría del Apego, individuos con un apego inseguro, manifestado mediante ansiedad
o evitación frente al abandono o la intimidad, podrían exagerar y/o emplear disfuncionalmente
el enojo, conllevando a la perpetración de la violencia psicológica o física para prevenir que la
pareja abandone la relación. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación
entre el apego adulto y la violencia de pareja íntima en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios
de Lima metropolitana. Se evaluó a 130 jóvenes entre los 18 y 27 años de edad (M = 21.22,
DE = 1.89) utilizando la Escala de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas (ECR; Alonso-
Arbiol, Balluerka, & Shaver, 2007) y la Escala Revisada de Tácticas de Conflicto (CTS-2;
Straus et al., 1996). Los resultados evidencian que la dimensión de ansiedad, más no la de
evitación, presenta una relación positiva con tanto la perpetración de la violencia psicológica
como física. En individuos ansiosos, la dificultad para lidiar con la separación de la figura de
apego, sumado a ineficaces estrategias de comunicación de demandas de atención y afecto
pueden conllevar a la perpetración de la violencia como un medio para regular la proximidad
física y emocional con la pareja. Por otro lado, se observa una relación negativa entre la
satisfacción con la relación y las dimensiones de apego. Por último, quienes no tenían pareja
actual presentaron puntajes más altos en las dimensiones de evitación y ansiedad que los que
sí la tenían.
Attachment Theory proposes that individuals with an insecure attachment, manifested through anxiety or avoidance over abandonment or intimacy, could exaggerate and dysfunctionally use anger, leading to the perpetration of psychological or physical violence to prevent their romantic partner from leaving the relationship. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance of adult attachment with the perpetration of intimate partner violence in a group of university students of Lima metropolitana. A total of 130 students aged between 18 and 27 years old were evaluated (M = 21.22, SD = 1.89) using the Experience in Close Relationships Scale (ECR; Alonso-Arbiol, Balluerka, & Shaver, 2007) and the Conflict Tactics Scale-2 (CTS-2; Straus et al., 1996). The results show that the dimension of anxiety, but not avoidance, presents a positive relationship with both the perpetration of psychological and physical violence. In anxious individuals, the difficulty in dealing with the separation from the attachment figure and the ineffective communication strategies of demands for attention and affection can lead to the perpetration of violence as a mean to regulate the physical and emotional proximity with the partner. On the other hand, a negative relationship between satisfaction with the relationship and the attachment dimensions is observed. Finally, those who did not have a current partner had higher scores in the dimensions of avoidance and anxiety than those who did.
Attachment Theory proposes that individuals with an insecure attachment, manifested through anxiety or avoidance over abandonment or intimacy, could exaggerate and dysfunctionally use anger, leading to the perpetration of psychological or physical violence to prevent their romantic partner from leaving the relationship. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance of adult attachment with the perpetration of intimate partner violence in a group of university students of Lima metropolitana. A total of 130 students aged between 18 and 27 years old were evaluated (M = 21.22, SD = 1.89) using the Experience in Close Relationships Scale (ECR; Alonso-Arbiol, Balluerka, & Shaver, 2007) and the Conflict Tactics Scale-2 (CTS-2; Straus et al., 1996). The results show that the dimension of anxiety, but not avoidance, presents a positive relationship with both the perpetration of psychological and physical violence. In anxious individuals, the difficulty in dealing with the separation from the attachment figure and the ineffective communication strategies of demands for attention and affection can lead to the perpetration of violence as a mean to regulate the physical and emotional proximity with the partner. On the other hand, a negative relationship between satisfaction with the relationship and the attachment dimensions is observed. Finally, those who did not have a current partner had higher scores in the dimensions of avoidance and anxiety than those who did.
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Keywords
Apego, Violencia de pareja, Estudiantes universitarios--Investigaciones
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