Reduciendo la soledad: terapia asistida con animales para adultos mayores de una residencia geriátrica
Date
2017-11-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los sentimientos de soledad son un problema común en adultos mayores que viven en
residencias geriátricas y diversos estudios han encontrado los efectos negativos que generan
en su salud. También, se ha encontrado que la Terapia Asistida con Animales (TAA) puede
reducir dichos sentimientos. Esta tesis se propone ver la relación causal de la TAA en la
disminución de los sentimientos de soledad. Se usó un diseño experimental que consistió de 1
medida pre.test y dos medidas post-test. Participaron 5 adultos mayores (4 mujeres, 1
hombre), con deterioro cognitivo leve, entre las edades de 70 y 92 años (M=82,80, DE=8,35),
quienes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a la condición experimental, la cual consistió en
participar en un programa de TTA o a la condición control, consistente en un programa
equivalente al de la condición experimental, pero sin el uso de animales. Se aplicó la escala
de soledad de UCLA previo al inicio de la intervención y luego dos veces más: una al
finalizar la intervención y la última, seis semanas después. Se hizo una comparación de
medias usando la prueba t de Student, y se encontraron diferencias significativas en la
condición experimental al comparar la medida pre-test (M=20, DE=2,64) con la primera
medida post-test (M=16.67, DE=2.40) (t(2) = 10, p < 0.05). Se concluye que el uso de la
TAA podría contribuir a disminuir los sentimientos de soledad en adultos mayores.
Loneliness is a common problem in the elderly population that lives in Long Term Care Facilities and several studies have found the damaging effect it has on their health. Other studies have also found that Animal Assisted Therapy (ATT) can reduce feelings of loneliness. This thesis aims to study the causal relationship between AAT and the decrease of loneliness. An experimental design was used, consisting of one pre-test and two post-test measurements. Five elderly residents (1 male, 4 female), between the ages of 70 and 92 (M=82,80, SE=8,35) living in a Long Term Care Facility, were randomly assigned to either the experimental (participating in AAT) or control group (participating in similar sessions without the animals). The UCLA loneliness was applied before starting the control and experimental sessions, immediately after finishing with the last sessions, again six weeks after that. A t-test was used to compare the means and results indicate that there is a decrease in loneliness in the experimental participants when comparing the pre-test (M=20, DE=2,64) and first post-test(M=16.67, DE=2.40) (t(2) = 10, p < 0.05).
Loneliness is a common problem in the elderly population that lives in Long Term Care Facilities and several studies have found the damaging effect it has on their health. Other studies have also found that Animal Assisted Therapy (ATT) can reduce feelings of loneliness. This thesis aims to study the causal relationship between AAT and the decrease of loneliness. An experimental design was used, consisting of one pre-test and two post-test measurements. Five elderly residents (1 male, 4 female), between the ages of 70 and 92 (M=82,80, SE=8,35) living in a Long Term Care Facility, were randomly assigned to either the experimental (participating in AAT) or control group (participating in similar sessions without the animals). The UCLA loneliness was applied before starting the control and experimental sessions, immediately after finishing with the last sessions, again six weeks after that. A t-test was used to compare the means and results indicate that there is a decrease in loneliness in the experimental participants when comparing the pre-test (M=20, DE=2,64) and first post-test(M=16.67, DE=2.40) (t(2) = 10, p < 0.05).
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Keywords
Animales--Uso terapéutico, Soledad, Vejez
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