Informe sobre expediente de relevancia jurídica Nº012562-2012 y J-02012-1454, E-2482: revocatoria de la alcaldesa de Lima, S.V., y todos los regidores del Consejo Metropolitano de Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En el año 2013, Lima Metropolitana -capital del Perú-, se encontró inmersa en la primera
convocatoria a consulta de revocatoria del mandato de sus autoridades municipales. La
magnitud del evento y su novedad en la circunscripción electoral con mayor población
electoral del país, adquirió una especial trascendencia política y jurídica, generando un
amplio debate doctrinario y jurisprudencial en el marco del Derecho Constitucional,
Derecho Administrativo y, más propiamente, Derecho Electoral. El Pleno del JNE, como
máxima autoridad jurisdiccional en materia electoral, tuvo que pronunciarse sobre
diferentes problemas jurídicos que enfrentaron a los revocadores, los posibles
revocados y, a otros organismos constitucionalmente autónomos con competencia en
el proceso electoral, como el RENIEC y la ONPE. En ese contexto, el presente trabajo
tiene como fin precisar, analizar y resolver los elementales problemas jurídicos
encontrados en el expediente relacionado con la revocatoria de la gestión municipal
2011-2014, dirigida contra la entonces alcaldesa de Lima, Susana Villarán, y los 39
regidores del Concejo Metropolitano de Lima. Para ello, este informe ofrece, no solo
una relación pormenorizada de los hechos y del marco normativo aplicable, sino que
desarrolla un análisis crítico de los fundamentos empleados por el JNE para validar la
continuidad del proceso hasta su concretización; y, finalmente, presenta al lector una
reflexión sobre los efectos institucionales de dichas decisiones. En ese sentido, se
concluirá que la decisión del Pleno del JNE de admitir al proceso de revocatoria el cuarto
lote de firmas de adherentes, pese a que fueron presentadas fuera del plazo legal,
supuso una afectación a los principios de legalidad, debido procedimiento y seguridad
jurídica. En consecuencia, se sostiene que el recurso de impugnación contra la
resolución administrativa que resolvió admitir dichas firmas debió ser declarado
infundado desde un inicio, en resguardo de los principios que rigen el sistema electoral
peruano.
In 2013, Metropolitan Lima—the capital of Peru—found itself immersed in the first referendum to recall the mandate of its municipal authorities. The magnitude of the event and its novelty in the electoral district with the largest voter population in the country acquired special political and legal significance, generating a broad doctrinal and jurisprudential debate within the framework of Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and, more specifically, Electoral Law. The Plenary Session of the JNE, as the highest jurisdictional authority in electoral matters, had to rule on various legal issues faced by the recall candidates, those potentially revoked, and other constitutionally autonomous bodies with jurisdiction over the electoral process, such as RENIEC and ONPE. In this context, this paper aims to clarify, analyze, and resolve the fundamental legal issues found in the case file related to the recall of the 2011-2014 municipal administration, brought against the then-Mayor of Lima, Susana Villarán, and the 39 council members of the Lima Metropolitan Council. To this end, this report not only offers a detailed account of the facts and the applicable regulatory framework, but also develops a critical analysis of the grounds used by the JNE to validate the continuity of the process until its completion. Finally, it presents the reader with a reflection on the institutional effects of these decisions. In this regard, it will be concluded that the decision of the JNE Plenary to admit the fourth batch of signatures of supporters to the recall process, despite their submission outside the legal deadline, violated the principles of legality, due process, and legal certainty. Consequently, it is argued that the appeal against the administrative resolution that admitted these signatures should be declared unfounded from the outset, in order to uphold the principles governing the Peruvian electoral system.
In 2013, Metropolitan Lima—the capital of Peru—found itself immersed in the first referendum to recall the mandate of its municipal authorities. The magnitude of the event and its novelty in the electoral district with the largest voter population in the country acquired special political and legal significance, generating a broad doctrinal and jurisprudential debate within the framework of Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and, more specifically, Electoral Law. The Plenary Session of the JNE, as the highest jurisdictional authority in electoral matters, had to rule on various legal issues faced by the recall candidates, those potentially revoked, and other constitutionally autonomous bodies with jurisdiction over the electoral process, such as RENIEC and ONPE. In this context, this paper aims to clarify, analyze, and resolve the fundamental legal issues found in the case file related to the recall of the 2011-2014 municipal administration, brought against the then-Mayor of Lima, Susana Villarán, and the 39 council members of the Lima Metropolitan Council. To this end, this report not only offers a detailed account of the facts and the applicable regulatory framework, but also develops a critical analysis of the grounds used by the JNE to validate the continuity of the process until its completion. Finally, it presents the reader with a reflection on the institutional effects of these decisions. In this regard, it will be concluded that the decision of the JNE Plenary to admit the fourth batch of signatures of supporters to the recall process, despite their submission outside the legal deadline, violated the principles of legality, due process, and legal certainty. Consequently, it is argued that the appeal against the administrative resolution that admitted these signatures should be declared unfounded from the outset, in order to uphold the principles governing the Peruvian electoral system.
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Gobierno municipal--Perú--Participación ciudadana, Elecciones locales--Perú, Derecho electoral--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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