Ser guionista de ficción en Puno: experiencias del oficio y en la escritura de los cortometrajes T’ikariy, Alma vieja, y Apalla, el último sabio
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal conocer el oficio guionista de ficción
en la región Puno, en base a las experiencias de guionistas puneños y puneñas en la práctica
del oficio y en las escrituras de los cortometrajes Alma vieja, T’ikariy y Apalla, el último sabio.
Para cumplir con este objetivo, se describe el contexto económico y sociocultural que
enmarca el desarrollo de los guionistas, se comprende la producción cultural cinematográfica
puneña del periodo 2020 al 2024, se conocen las vivencias y los procesos de los guionistas,
y se analizan las experiencias de escritura de los mencionados cortometrajes.
Para realizar esta investigación se optó por un enfoque cualitativo y por una aproximación
fenomenológica. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo tres entrevistas en profundidad con Guadalupe
Estofanero, Rubén Quincho y Esau Mamani –autores de los cortometrajes; así mismo, se
realizó una entrevista grupal con seis guionistas de la región; y por último, se empleó una
ficha de análisis de las estructuras narrativas de los tres cortometrajes de estudio.
Como algunos de los resultados obtenidos se puede mencionar que el contexto
socioeconómico, cultural y político de la región Puno influye en las temáticas y modos de
producción del guion; así mismo, también se pudo conocer que la práctica de escribir guiones
se sostiene de actividades económicas alternativas al oficio y el cumplimiento de diversos
roles audiovisuales dentro de una misma producción; finalmente, se pudo comprender que
los guionistas entrevistados escriben desde su conexión con las identidades culturales,
territorios y comunidades puneñas.
The main objective of this research is to learn about the craft of fiction screenwriting in the Puno region, based on the experiences of male and female screenwriters from Puno in the practice of their craft and in the writing of the short films Alma vieja, T’ikariy and Apalla, el último sabio. To achieve this objective, the economic and sociocultural context that shapes the development of screenwriters is described, the Puno film production from 2020 to 2024 is understood, the life experiences and processes of screenwriters are known, and the writing experiences for the mentioned short films are analyzed. A qualitative approach and a phenomenological approximation were opted to carry out this research. To this end, three in-depth interviews were conducted with Guadalupe Estofanero, Rubén Quincho and Esau Mamani –the authors of the short films. Likewise, a group interview was conducted with six screenwriters from this region. Finally, an analysis sheet was used to examine the narrative structures of the three short films under study. Some of the results obtained show that the socioeconomic, cultural, and political context of the Puno region influences the subjects and modes of production of the screenplay. Likewise, it was also found that screenwriting is sustained by economic activities that are alternative to the craft and by the fulfillment of various audiovisual roles within the same production. Finally, it became clear that the screenwriters interviewed write from their connection to the cultural identities, territories, and communities of the Puno region.
The main objective of this research is to learn about the craft of fiction screenwriting in the Puno region, based on the experiences of male and female screenwriters from Puno in the practice of their craft and in the writing of the short films Alma vieja, T’ikariy and Apalla, el último sabio. To achieve this objective, the economic and sociocultural context that shapes the development of screenwriters is described, the Puno film production from 2020 to 2024 is understood, the life experiences and processes of screenwriters are known, and the writing experiences for the mentioned short films are analyzed. A qualitative approach and a phenomenological approximation were opted to carry out this research. To this end, three in-depth interviews were conducted with Guadalupe Estofanero, Rubén Quincho and Esau Mamani –the authors of the short films. Likewise, a group interview was conducted with six screenwriters from this region. Finally, an analysis sheet was used to examine the narrative structures of the three short films under study. Some of the results obtained show that the socioeconomic, cultural, and political context of the Puno region influences the subjects and modes of production of the screenplay. Likewise, it was also found that screenwriting is sustained by economic activities that are alternative to the craft and by the fulfillment of various audiovisual roles within the same production. Finally, it became clear that the screenwriters interviewed write from their connection to the cultural identities, territories, and communities of the Puno region.
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Cortometraje--Perú--Puno, Cine peruano, Guiones cinematográficos--Perú, Guionistas--Entrevistas
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