Informe Jurídico sobre Sentencia 500/2021
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El problema principal del caso Vilela Huamán vs. Institución Educativa Privada
Manuel Pardo radica en determinar si resulta constitucionalmente legítimo que
una institución educativa privada condicione la continuidad del servicio educativo
al pago de deudas, incluso cuando ello implique afectar el derecho a la educación
de una menor en etapa escolar obligatoria.
El análisis se basa en la interpretación de los artículos 13, 59 y 62 de la
Constitución Política del Perú, en relación con los estándares desarrollados por
el Tribunal Constitucional en materia de derechos fundamentales. También se
recurre a doctrina especializada y normativa internacional, a fin de aplicar un test
de proporcionalidad que permita evaluar la constitucionalidad de la actuación
privada frente a derechos fundamentales, en especial en lo relativo a la libertad
contractual y el derecho a la educación.
Asimismo, se analiza la competencia y el accionar de la UGEL y la Defensoría
del Pueblo, evaluando sus reglamentos y normativas que los facultan para
supervisar, intervenir o emitir recomendaciones ante situaciones que ponen en
riesgo el acceso y la continuidad educativa de menores, considerando su papel
como garantes del cumplimiento de los derechos fundamentales en el ámbito
educativo.
Como conclusión principal, se sostiene que, si bien los colegios privados gozan
de libertad contractual y empresarial, esta no puede ejercerse de forma que
vulnere el contenido esencial del derecho a la educación ni el interés superior
del niño. En contextos de deuda, deben priorizarse mecanismos menos lesivos
que garanticen la continuidad del servicio educativo.
The main issue in the case Vilela Huamán vs. Private Educational Institution Manuel Pardo lies in determining whether it is constitutionally legitimate for a private school to condition the continuity of educational services on the payment of debts, even when this affects the right to education of a minor in compulsory schooling. The analysis is primarily based on the interpretation of Articles 13, 59, and 62 of the Political Constitution of Peru, in relation to the standards developed by the Constitutional Court regarding fundamental rights. Specialized doctrine and international regulations are also considered in order to apply a proportionality test that evaluates the constitutionality of private conduct in relation to fundamental rights, especially concerning contractual freedom and the right to education. Furthermore, the competence and actions of the UGEL and the Ombudsman’s Office are analyzed, evaluating their regulations and mandates that empower them to supervise, intervene, or issue recommendations in situations that endanger minors’ access to and continuity in education, considering their role as guarantors of the fulfillment of fundamental rights in the educational sphere. The main conclusion is that, although private schools enjoy contractual and entrepreneurial freedom, this cannot be exercised in a way that undermines the essential content of the right to education or the best interests of the child. In contexts involving debt, less harmful mechanisms must be prioritized to ensure continuity in educational services.
The main issue in the case Vilela Huamán vs. Private Educational Institution Manuel Pardo lies in determining whether it is constitutionally legitimate for a private school to condition the continuity of educational services on the payment of debts, even when this affects the right to education of a minor in compulsory schooling. The analysis is primarily based on the interpretation of Articles 13, 59, and 62 of the Political Constitution of Peru, in relation to the standards developed by the Constitutional Court regarding fundamental rights. Specialized doctrine and international regulations are also considered in order to apply a proportionality test that evaluates the constitutionality of private conduct in relation to fundamental rights, especially concerning contractual freedom and the right to education. Furthermore, the competence and actions of the UGEL and the Ombudsman’s Office are analyzed, evaluating their regulations and mandates that empower them to supervise, intervene, or issue recommendations in situations that endanger minors’ access to and continuity in education, considering their role as guarantors of the fulfillment of fundamental rights in the educational sphere. The main conclusion is that, although private schools enjoy contractual and entrepreneurial freedom, this cannot be exercised in a way that undermines the essential content of the right to education or the best interests of the child. In contexts involving debt, less harmful mechanisms must be prioritized to ensure continuity in educational services.
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Niños--Derechos--Perú, Libre empresa--Perú, Libertad de contratación--Perú, Derechos fundamentales--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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