Análisis de impacto regulatorio ex post del régimen de Operadores de Infraestructura Móvil Rural (OIMR) en el Perú, en el periodo 2016-2022
Date
2024-10-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Desde que los servicios de telecomunicaciones llegaron al Perú, se han
presentado deficiencias en la cobertura y acceso, especialmente en zonas
rurales. En dicho contexto, en el 2013, se promulgó la Ley 30083, mediante la
cual se habilitó el régimen legal para el modelo de Operadores de Infraestructura
Móvil Rural (OIMR). Este modelo se caracteriza por actuar como un
intermediador entre un Operador Móvil con Red (OMR) y los usuarios finales
beneficiarios en zonas rurales y/o de preferente interés social.
Los principales objetivos del modelo OIMR, contemplados en la exposición de
motivos de la ley y su reglamento, son tres: (i) primer objetivo, expandir los
servicios públicos móviles y reducir la brecha de cobertura e infraestructura en
zonas rurales o de preferente interés social; (ii) segundo objetivo, optimizar las
inversiones mediante la reducción de los gastos de capital (CAPEX) y los gastos
operativos (OPEX), y la facilitar la entrada de nuevos operadores móviles
utilizando OIMR; y (iii) tercer objetivo, incentivar la entrada de operadores
eficientes y sostenibles que puedan obtener beneficios al operar como OIMR.
El presente estudio realiza una evaluación de impacto regulatorio Ex post del
régimen que habilitó el modelo OIMR para el periodo de 2016-2022. Los
resultados indican que el primer objetivo se ha cumplido plenamente, mientras
que el segundo y tercer objetivo solo se han alcanzado parcialmente.
En relación con el primer objetivo, se verifica su cumplimiento total, ya que los
datos indican que, hasta el tercer trimestre de 2022, la infraestructura
desplegada por el modelo OIMR representó el 45% del total de estaciones base
en zonas rurales a nivel nacional (MTC, 2023b, p.15).
Respecto al segundo objetivo, se verifica su cumplimiento parcial, pues, si bien
los datos recabados acreditan que el modelo OIMR si permite una reducción en
el CAPEX y OPEX (MTC, 2023b, p.33), no se ha evidenciado que haya promovido la entrada de nuevos operadores móviles al mercado utilizando
OIMR.
En cuanto al tercer objetivo, se verifica su cumplimiento parcial, pues, aunque
existen ocho OIMR registrados en Registro de Operadores Móviles Rurales del
MTC hasta 2023, solo tres están operando. Entre estos, Internet para Todos
S.A.C. domina el mercado con una participación del 97%, mientras que Mayu
Telecomunicaciones S.A.C. tiene el 2.2% y Andesat Perú S.A.C. el 0.8% (MTC,
2024a, p.24).
La predominancia del OIMR Internet para Todos S.A.C. en el mercado peruano
podría explicarse en gran medida por la transferencia de infraestructura de la
planta rural de Telefónica del Perú S.A.C., más que por los resultados directos
del modelo OIMR. No obstante, la información recopilada de los principales
stakeholders confirma que, más allá de una simple operación de estaciones base
transferidas, Internet para Todos S.A.C. ha desplegado acciones que implican
mejoras significativas a nivel tecnológico, lo cual, sumado a una estrategia
comercial eficaz, ha coadyuvado al desarrollo de un modelo sostenible.
Since the introduction of telecommunications services in Peru, deficiencies in coverage and access have been evident, particularly in rural areas. In 2013, Law 30083 was enacted, establishing the legal framework for the Rural Mobile Infrastructure Operators (OIMR) model. This model serves as an intermediary between Mobile Network Operators (OMR) and end users in rural and/or socially prioritized areas. The main objectives of the OIMR model, as outlined in the rationale of the law and its regulations, are threefold: (i) to expand mobile public services and reduce the coverage and infrastructure gap in rural or socially prioritized areas; (ii) to optimize investments by reducing capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX), and to facilitate the entry of new mobile operators using the OIMR model as a base; and (iii) to encourage the entry of efficient operators who can benefit from the OIMR model. This study conducts an ex-post regulatory impact assessment of the OIMR model framework for the period 2016-2022. The findings indicate that the first objective has been fully achieved, while the second and third objectives have been partially met. Regarding the first objective, compliance is confirmed as data shows that, by the third quarter of 2022, infrastructure deployed under the OIMR model accounted for 45% of the total base stations in rural areas nationwide (MTC, 2023b, p.15). As for the second objective, partial compliance is observed. Although data indicate that the OIMR model has led to reductions in CAPEX and OPEX (MTC, 2023b, p.33), there is no evidence that it has significantly promoted the entry of new mobile operators into the market based on the OIMR model. With respect to the third objective, partial compliance is also noted. Despite the existence of eight OIMR operators registered with the MTC's Rural Mobile Operators Register as of 2023, only three are operational. Among these, Internet para Todos S.A.C. dominates the market with a 97% share, while Mayu Telecomunicaciones S.A.C. holds 2.2% and Andesat Perú S.A.C. 0.8% (MTC, 2024a, p.24). The dominance of Internet para Todos S.A.C. in the Peruvian market can largely be attributed to the transfer of rural infrastructure from Telefónica del Perú S.A.C., rather than the direct outcomes of the OIMR model. Nevertheless, information from key stakeholders confirms that, beyond simply operating transferred base stations, Internet para Todos S.A.C. has implemented significant technological improvements and an effective commercial strategy, contributing to the development of a sustainable model.
Since the introduction of telecommunications services in Peru, deficiencies in coverage and access have been evident, particularly in rural areas. In 2013, Law 30083 was enacted, establishing the legal framework for the Rural Mobile Infrastructure Operators (OIMR) model. This model serves as an intermediary between Mobile Network Operators (OMR) and end users in rural and/or socially prioritized areas. The main objectives of the OIMR model, as outlined in the rationale of the law and its regulations, are threefold: (i) to expand mobile public services and reduce the coverage and infrastructure gap in rural or socially prioritized areas; (ii) to optimize investments by reducing capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX), and to facilitate the entry of new mobile operators using the OIMR model as a base; and (iii) to encourage the entry of efficient operators who can benefit from the OIMR model. This study conducts an ex-post regulatory impact assessment of the OIMR model framework for the period 2016-2022. The findings indicate that the first objective has been fully achieved, while the second and third objectives have been partially met. Regarding the first objective, compliance is confirmed as data shows that, by the third quarter of 2022, infrastructure deployed under the OIMR model accounted for 45% of the total base stations in rural areas nationwide (MTC, 2023b, p.15). As for the second objective, partial compliance is observed. Although data indicate that the OIMR model has led to reductions in CAPEX and OPEX (MTC, 2023b, p.33), there is no evidence that it has significantly promoted the entry of new mobile operators into the market based on the OIMR model. With respect to the third objective, partial compliance is also noted. Despite the existence of eight OIMR operators registered with the MTC's Rural Mobile Operators Register as of 2023, only three are operational. Among these, Internet para Todos S.A.C. dominates the market with a 97% share, while Mayu Telecomunicaciones S.A.C. holds 2.2% and Andesat Perú S.A.C. 0.8% (MTC, 2024a, p.24). The dominance of Internet para Todos S.A.C. in the Peruvian market can largely be attributed to the transfer of rural infrastructure from Telefónica del Perú S.A.C., rather than the direct outcomes of the OIMR model. Nevertheless, information from key stakeholders confirms that, beyond simply operating transferred base stations, Internet para Todos S.A.C. has implemented significant technological improvements and an effective commercial strategy, contributing to the development of a sustainable model.
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Keywords
Telecomunicaciones--Perú, Sistemas de telefonía celular--Perú, Infraestructura (Economía)--Perú, Población rural--Perú
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