Características perceptivo auditivas y acústicas en personas de 60 a 89 años que asisten al Centro del Adulto Mayor “Poconas” en el Municipio de Sucre, Bolivia
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como propósito analizar las características perceptivoauditivas
y acústicas de personas de 60 a 89 años que asisten al Centro del Adulto
Mayor “Poconas” en Sucre, Bolivia. Para ello, se utilizó un enfoque mixto, que
combinó métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos,permitiendo obtener datos numéricos
y profundizar en factores subyacentes que afectan la calidad vocal. La muestra
constó de 40 participantes seleccionados intencionalmente, con 24 mujeres y 16
hombres. El diseño de la investigación adoptó un diseño descriptivo, observacional
y transversal, recopilando información en un único periodo para describir
detalladamente las características vocales y acústicas de los participantes.
Para el análisis, se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos, el Cuestionario de Estado
de Salud delAdulto Mayor, el cual permitió evaluar factores como los hábitos de
alimentación y la presenciade enfermedades crónicas, donde se detectó una alta
prevalencia de estas, especialmente de tipo gástrico. Además, se aplicó el Test
Perceptivo Auditivo (adaptación de CPAL), enfocado en el análisis perceptivoauditivo.
Para el análisis acústico, se utilizó el software PRAAT, el cual permitió
evaluar parámetros como la frecuencia y la intensidad. En el análisis perceptivoauditivo,
se identificó que más del 45% de los participantes presentó disminución
en la calidad vocal, evidenciando mayor aspereza y ronquera, especialmente en
quienes padecían enfermedades crónicas, principalmente de tipo gástrico. En el
análisis acústico, se identificaron alteraciones enambos géneros, destacándose una
disminución generalizada en el nivel de loudness y variacionessignificativas en la
frecuencia. Los resultados revelaron una reducción notable en la intensidad yel
pitch, con alteraciones más acentuadas en las mujeres.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptual-auditory and acoustic characteristics of individuals aged 60 to 89 who attend the “Poconas” Senior Center in Sucre, Bolivia. A mixed- methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to gather numerical data and explore underlying factors affecting vocal quality. The sample consisted of 40 intentionally selected participants, including 24 women and 16 men. The research design was descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional, collecting data in a single period to provide a detailed description of the participants' vocal and acoustic characteristics. Various instruments were used for the analysis, including the Senior Health Status Questionnaire,which evaluated factors such as dietary habits and the presence of chronic illnesses. A high prevalence of these conditions, especially gastrointestinal issues, was identified, which negatively impacted vocal resonance, increasing hoarseness and roughness. Additionally, the Vocal Effort Test by Mara Behlau was applied, focusing on perceptual-auditory analysis across nine areas related to vocal quality, such as breathing, phonation, and prosody. For acoustic analysis, the Praat software was utilized to assess parameters like vocal frequency and intensity. The perceptual-auditory analysis revealed that over 45% of the participants experienced a declinein vocal quality, showing increased roughness and hoarseness, particularly among those with chronic illnesses, mainly of a gastrointestinal nature. The acoustic analysis identified alterations in both genders, highlighting a generalized decrease in loudness levels and significant variations in vocal frequency. The results showed a notable reduction in vocal intensity and pitch, with morepronounced alterations observed in women.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptual-auditory and acoustic characteristics of individuals aged 60 to 89 who attend the “Poconas” Senior Center in Sucre, Bolivia. A mixed- methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to gather numerical data and explore underlying factors affecting vocal quality. The sample consisted of 40 intentionally selected participants, including 24 women and 16 men. The research design was descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional, collecting data in a single period to provide a detailed description of the participants' vocal and acoustic characteristics. Various instruments were used for the analysis, including the Senior Health Status Questionnaire,which evaluated factors such as dietary habits and the presence of chronic illnesses. A high prevalence of these conditions, especially gastrointestinal issues, was identified, which negatively impacted vocal resonance, increasing hoarseness and roughness. Additionally, the Vocal Effort Test by Mara Behlau was applied, focusing on perceptual-auditory analysis across nine areas related to vocal quality, such as breathing, phonation, and prosody. For acoustic analysis, the Praat software was utilized to assess parameters like vocal frequency and intensity. The perceptual-auditory analysis revealed that over 45% of the participants experienced a declinein vocal quality, showing increased roughness and hoarseness, particularly among those with chronic illnesses, mainly of a gastrointestinal nature. The acoustic analysis identified alterations in both genders, highlighting a generalized decrease in loudness levels and significant variations in vocal frequency. The results showed a notable reduction in vocal intensity and pitch, with morepronounced alterations observed in women.
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Acústica, Adulto mayor--Bolivia, Enfermedades crónicas, Vejez--Calidad de vida
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