Una golondrina sí hace un verano: la trashumancia electoral en el distrito de Tomas
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
La trashumancia electoral es una estrategia fraudulenta que, cada vez, cobran mayor
relevancia. Se tiene registro de su presencia en la mayoría de los países de
Latinoamérica. En el Perú se le suele llamar “electores golondrinos” y, principalmente,
se presenta en circunscripciones electorales pequeñas, de la sierra y de zonas rurales,
donde la introducción de un número reducido de votantes puede marcar la diferencia
otorgando o negando la victoria electoral. No obstante, a pesar del número considerable
de denuncias y actos de violencias motivados por la percepción o real existencia de este
tipo de electores, la literatura sobre el tema es limitada.
Esta tesis analiza más de 20 años de procesos electorales subnacionales y establece
un listado de distritos donde se registraron actos violentos motivados por la supuesta
presencia de este tipo de electores. Asimismo, estudia a profundidad el incremento
significativo en el porcentaje de cambios de domicilio en el distrito de Tomas, ubicado
en la sierra de Lima, durante las elecciones subnacionales de 2022. Esta investigación
usa el método cualitativo, se soporta en los testimonios recolectados de electores del
distrito y en los reportes e informes de entidades públicas.
La investigación encontró fuertes indicios de la existencia de una maquinaria que
promovió masivos cambios de domicilios con la finalidad de favorecer a uno de los dos
candidatos a la alcaldía distrital. Además, que esta estrategia fraudulenta habría
alcanzado tal nivel de sofisticación, que no solo buscó impactar en los resultados
distritales, sino también en los provinciales.
Electoral transhumance is a fraudulent strategy that is increasingly gaining relevance. Records indicate its presence in most Latin American countries. In Peru, is given the name of “fly-by-night voters" and is primarily observed in small electoral districts, in the highlands and rural areas, where the introduction of a small number of voters can make a difference and grant or deny victory. However, despite a significant number of complaints and acts of violence motivated triggered by the perception or real existence of this type of voter, the literature on the subject is limited. This thesis analyzes over 20 years of subnational electoral processes and establishes a list of districts where violent acts motivated by alleged presence of this type of voters were recorded. Additionally, examines in detail the significant increase in the percentage of address changes in the district of Tomas, located in the highlands of Lima, during the 2022 subnational elections. The research employs a qualitative method, based on testimonials collected from voters in the district and reports from public entities. The study found strong evidencie of the exitence of mechanism facilitated massive changes of domicile with the purpose of favoring one of the two candidates for the District Mayor. Furthermore, there is a high probability that this fraudulent strategy would have reached such a level of sophistication that it sought to influence not only district-level results but also, but also the provincial ones.
Electoral transhumance is a fraudulent strategy that is increasingly gaining relevance. Records indicate its presence in most Latin American countries. In Peru, is given the name of “fly-by-night voters" and is primarily observed in small electoral districts, in the highlands and rural areas, where the introduction of a small number of voters can make a difference and grant or deny victory. However, despite a significant number of complaints and acts of violence motivated triggered by the perception or real existence of this type of voter, the literature on the subject is limited. This thesis analyzes over 20 years of subnational electoral processes and establishes a list of districts where violent acts motivated by alleged presence of this type of voters were recorded. Additionally, examines in detail the significant increase in the percentage of address changes in the district of Tomas, located in the highlands of Lima, during the 2022 subnational elections. The research employs a qualitative method, based on testimonials collected from voters in the district and reports from public entities. The study found strong evidencie of the exitence of mechanism facilitated massive changes of domicile with the purpose of favoring one of the two candidates for the District Mayor. Furthermore, there is a high probability that this fraudulent strategy would have reached such a level of sophistication that it sought to influence not only district-level results but also, but also the provincial ones.
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Fraude--Perú--Siglo XXI, Elecciones locales--Perú--Siglo XXI, Perú--Política y gobierno--Siglo XXI
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