Los precios de transferencia y el rendimiento financiero en las empresas para el caso peruano
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente estudio analiza la relación entre los precios de transferencia y
el rendimiento financiero de las empresas peruanas que forman parte de grupos
económicos. En un contexto de creciente integración empresarial, los precios de
transferencia constituyen un mecanismo relevante para la asignación de
ingresos y costos entre entidades vinculadas, con implicancias económicas,
financieras y tributarias.
Dado que estas prácticas no son directamente observables, la
investigación empleó variables que permitieron aproximar las dinámicas
intragrupo. En particular, se consideró el tamaño de la empresa, medido a través
del logaritmo de los activos totales; el nivel de endeudamiento, representado por
el ratio deuda/patrimonio; y la presión tributaria, aproximada mediante el ratio
impuesto a la renta sobre ventas. El rendimiento financiero se midió a través del
retorno sobre activos (ROA).
El análisis empírico se desarrolló mediante un modelo de datos de panel
con efectos aleatorios, aplicado a una muestra de 39 empresas peruanas
pertenecientes a grupos económicos durante el periodo 2019–2023, con
información obtenida de sus estados financieros auditados. La elección del
modelo se sustentó en el Test de Hausman.
Los resultados muestran que las variables analizadas resultaron
estadísticamente significativas. En particular, el tamaño de la empresa presenta
una relación positiva con el rendimiento financiero, mientras que el
endeudamiento evidencia una relación negativa y la presión tributaria presenta
una relación positiva. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que estas variables,
como aproximaciones a las dinámicas intragrupo, se encuentran asociadas al
desempeño financiero de las empresas en el contexto peruano.
This study analyzes the relationship between transfer pricing and the financial performance of Peruvian firms belonging to economic groups. In a context of increasing business integration, transfer pricing constitutes a relevant mechanism for the allocation of income and costs among related entities, with economic, financial, and tax implications. Since these practices are not directly observable, the research employed variables that allowed approximating intra-group dynamics. In particular, firm size was considered, measured as the logarithm of total assets; leverage, represented by the debt-to-equity ratio; and tax pressure, approximated by the income tax-tosales ratio. Financial performance was measured using return on assets (ROA). The empirical analysis was conducted using a panel data model with random effects, applied to a sample of 39 Peruvian firms belonging to economic groups over the period 2019–2023, based on audited financial statements. The model selection was supported by the Hausman test. The results show that the variables analyzed were statistically significant. In particular, firm size presents a positive relationship with financial performance, while leverage shows a negative relationship and tax pressure presents a positive relationship. Overall, the findings suggest that these variables, as approximations of intra-group dynamics, are associated with firms’ financial performance in the Peruvian context.
This study analyzes the relationship between transfer pricing and the financial performance of Peruvian firms belonging to economic groups. In a context of increasing business integration, transfer pricing constitutes a relevant mechanism for the allocation of income and costs among related entities, with economic, financial, and tax implications. Since these practices are not directly observable, the research employed variables that allowed approximating intra-group dynamics. In particular, firm size was considered, measured as the logarithm of total assets; leverage, represented by the debt-to-equity ratio; and tax pressure, approximated by the income tax-tosales ratio. Financial performance was measured using return on assets (ROA). The empirical analysis was conducted using a panel data model with random effects, applied to a sample of 39 Peruvian firms belonging to economic groups over the period 2019–2023, based on audited financial statements. The model selection was supported by the Hausman test. The results show that the variables analyzed were statistically significant. In particular, firm size presents a positive relationship with financial performance, while leverage shows a negative relationship and tax pressure presents a positive relationship. Overall, the findings suggest that these variables, as approximations of intra-group dynamics, are associated with firms’ financial performance in the Peruvian context.
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Palabras clave
Precios de transferencia--Perú, Empresas--Finanzas--Perú, Análisis de datos de panel
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