Informe Jurídico sobre la Sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos “Caso Manuela y Otros vs. El Salvador”
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe aborda la problemática de la prohibición absoluta del aborto
en El Salvador y las obligaciones del Estado en asegurar la libertad personal,
presunción de inocencia, garantías judiciales, integridad personal y salud de
Manuela.
Y es que, en El Salvador, cuando una mujer es sospechosa de haberse
practicado un aborto, es denunciada por el personal médico de los hospitales, a
pesar de tratarse de una emergencia obstétrica. Luego, en el sistema judicial se
la acusa de aborto u homicidio agravado sin tomar en consideración las
particularidades de su caso.
En la presente sentencia, la Corte IDH reconoce que los derechos sexuales y
reproductivos forman parte del derecho a la salud. Sin embargo, no desarrolla la
vulneración que la prohibición absoluta del aborto produce en la salud
reproductiva de Manuela, como la violencia obstétrica, y en los derechos
anteriormente mencionados. Los principales instrumentos normativos que se
utilizarán son la CADH, Convención de BDP, la jurisprudencia de la Corte IDH;
así como, la CEDAW y el Comité CEDAW.
Todo ello para concluir que la criminalización de la prohibición absoluta del
aborto fue la causa de la atención médica deficiente que recibió Manuela, y un
proceso penal caracterizado por la falta de las debidas garantías judiciales y
dotado de estereotipos de género vulnerando así su derecho a la integridad
personal, salud, libertad personal, presunción de inocencia y garantías judiciales.
This report addresses the problem of the absolute prohibition of abortion in El Salvador and the State's obligations to ensure Manuela's personal liberty, presumption of innocence, judicial guarantees, personal integrity and health. In El Salvador, when a woman is suspected of having had an abortion, she is denounced by hospital medical personnel, despite the fact that it is an obstetric emergency. Then, in the judicial system, she is charged with abortion or aggravated homicide without taking into consideration the particularities of her case. In this judgment, the Inter-American Court recognizes that sexual and reproductive rights are part of the right to health. However, it does not develop the violation that the absolute prohibition of abortion produces in Manuela's reproductive health, such as obstetric violence, and in the aforementioned rights. The main normative instruments to be used are the ACHR, the BDP Convention, the jurisprudence of the IACHR Court, as well as the CEDAW and the CEDAW Committee. All this to conclude that the criminalization of the absolute prohibition of abortion was the cause of the deficient medical care that Manuela received, and a criminal process characterized by the lack of due judicial guarantees and gender stereotypes, thus violating her right to personal integrity, health, personal freedom, presumption of innocence and judicial guarantees.
This report addresses the problem of the absolute prohibition of abortion in El Salvador and the State's obligations to ensure Manuela's personal liberty, presumption of innocence, judicial guarantees, personal integrity and health. In El Salvador, when a woman is suspected of having had an abortion, she is denounced by hospital medical personnel, despite the fact that it is an obstetric emergency. Then, in the judicial system, she is charged with abortion or aggravated homicide without taking into consideration the particularities of her case. In this judgment, the Inter-American Court recognizes that sexual and reproductive rights are part of the right to health. However, it does not develop the violation that the absolute prohibition of abortion produces in Manuela's reproductive health, such as obstetric violence, and in the aforementioned rights. The main normative instruments to be used are the ACHR, the BDP Convention, the jurisprudence of the IACHR Court, as well as the CEDAW and the CEDAW Committee. All this to conclude that the criminalization of the absolute prohibition of abortion was the cause of the deficient medical care that Manuela received, and a criminal process characterized by the lack of due judicial guarantees and gender stereotypes, thus violating her right to personal integrity, health, personal freedom, presumption of innocence and judicial guarantees.
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Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, Aborto--Legislación--El Salvador, Salud reproductiva--El Salvador, Violencia obstétrica--El Salvador
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