Informe jurídico sobre la resolución N° 00226-Q-2016
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El objetivo principal del presente informe jurídico es demostrar cómo la queja
resulta ineficaz como remedio procedimental ante la vulneración de la tutela
administrativa efectiva, toda vez que ha perdido su utilidad práctica para tutelar
al contribuyente frente a cobranzas de deudas prescritas ante la SUNAT. Así, la
problemática principal se evidencia cuando en la práctica, el ejecutor coactivo en
lugar de resolver la oposición planteada opta por modificar la naturaleza del
pedido y la tramita como una solicitud no contenciosa, lo que desnaturaliza el
finalidad del contribuyente. En efecto, el trámite por la vía no contenciosa no
suspende de manera automática las medidas cautelares trabadas, por lo que el
ejecutor coactivo puede seguir cobrando la deuda.
Este análisis demuestra que la distorsión procedimental es validada por la
excepción de "trámite pendiente" establecida en el precedente de observancia
obligatoria de la Resolución N° 00226-Q-2016. En el sentido que, bajo este
criterio, el ejecutor coactivo se inhibe de resolver de inmediato y continúa
ejecutando embargos sobre deuda inexigible, dejando al contribuyente en
indefensión patrimonial. Cabe precisar que, el remedio restitutorio planteado en
la Resolución N° 00460-Q-2019 deviene en ineficaz, toda vez que el bloqueo
procedimental impide al Tribunal Fiscal ordenar la devolución inmediata,
obligando al administrado a iniciar una solicitud de devolución, con los plazos
extensos que regula el Código, para recuperar lo indebidamente cobrado.
Finalmente, el informe concluye con la propuesta de implementación del efecto
suspensivo automático cuando la prescripción es opuesta dentro de un
procedimiento de cobranza coactiva y el ejecutor coactivo le otorga trámite de
solicitud no contenciosa o cuando antes de iniciado el procedimiento de cobranza
coactiva, el deudor tributario solicitó la prescripción de dicha deuda.
This legal report analyzes the inefficacy of the Complaint (Queja) filed before the Tax Tribunal as a procedural remedy against the violation of effective administrative protection, regarding the coercive collection of prescribed tax debts, specifically involving SUNAT. Thus, the main issue becomes evident when, in practice, the Coercive Executor reclassifies the opposition based on prescription filed during the execution stage as a non-contentious request, which distorts the taxpayer's intent. Indeed, the procedure via the non-contentious channel has a resolution period of 45 business days and, fundamentally, does not automatically suspend the precautionary measures imposed, allowing the Coercive Executor to continue collecting the debt. This analysis demonstrates that this procedural distortion is validated by the "pending procedure" exception established in the binding precedent of Resolution No. 00226-Q-2016. Under this criterion, the Coercive Executor refrains from resolving the matter immediately and continues executing seizures on unenforceable debt, leaving the taxpayer in a state of patrimonial defenselessness. It should be noted that the restitutory remedy proposed in Resolution No. 00460-Q-2019 becomes ineffective, as the procedural blockade prevents the Tax Tribunal from ordering an immediate refund, forcing the taxpayer to initiate a refund request—subject to the extensive deadlines regulated by the Code—to recover what was unduly collected. Finally, the report concludes by proposing the implementation of an automatic suspensive effect when prescription is opposed within a coercive collection procedure and the Coercive Executor processes it as a non-contentious request, or when the tax debtor requested the prescription of said debt prior to the initiation of the coercive collection procedure.
This legal report analyzes the inefficacy of the Complaint (Queja) filed before the Tax Tribunal as a procedural remedy against the violation of effective administrative protection, regarding the coercive collection of prescribed tax debts, specifically involving SUNAT. Thus, the main issue becomes evident when, in practice, the Coercive Executor reclassifies the opposition based on prescription filed during the execution stage as a non-contentious request, which distorts the taxpayer's intent. Indeed, the procedure via the non-contentious channel has a resolution period of 45 business days and, fundamentally, does not automatically suspend the precautionary measures imposed, allowing the Coercive Executor to continue collecting the debt. This analysis demonstrates that this procedural distortion is validated by the "pending procedure" exception established in the binding precedent of Resolution No. 00226-Q-2016. Under this criterion, the Coercive Executor refrains from resolving the matter immediately and continues executing seizures on unenforceable debt, leaving the taxpayer in a state of patrimonial defenselessness. It should be noted that the restitutory remedy proposed in Resolution No. 00460-Q-2019 becomes ineffective, as the procedural blockade prevents the Tax Tribunal from ordering an immediate refund, forcing the taxpayer to initiate a refund request—subject to the extensive deadlines regulated by the Code—to recover what was unduly collected. Finally, the report concludes by proposing the implementation of an automatic suspensive effect when prescription is opposed within a coercive collection procedure and the Coercive Executor processes it as a non-contentious request, or when the tax debtor requested the prescription of said debt prior to the initiation of the coercive collection procedure.
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Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Cobranza coactiva, Prescripción (Derecho), Tutela