Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo Español STS 1014/2022
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente informe analiza si el Club Atlético Osasuna pudo y debió ser
declarado penalmente responsable por el delito de corrupción deportiva
cometido por sus directivos durante la temporada 2013-2014, conforme al
artículo 286 bis.4 y al régimen de imputación corporativa del artículo 31 bis del
Código Penal español.
Se responde también a los problemas secundarios. En primer lugar, se
demuestra que el archivo dictado por el Juzgado de Instrucción N.º 2 de
Pamplona fue incorrecto, pues aplicó de manera equivocada la normativa de
2010 y confundió la existencia formal de controles con la eficacia exigida por el
artículo 31 bis. En segundo lugar, se resuelve la aparente contradicción entre
considerar al club víctima de la sustracción de fondos y beneficiario de los
amaños, concluyéndose que ambos planos pueden coexistir sin excluir la
responsabilidad penal. En tercer lugar, se acredita que existían normas
suficientes para que el club diseñara un programa de cumplimiento adecuado.
Finalmente, se valoran las responsabilidades tanto de las personas naturales
como de la persona jurídica a la luz de todo lo expuesto, concluyéndose que los
directivos actuaron con dolo y que el club, de haber sido correctamente evaluado,
debía responder penalmente, ya que carecía totalmente de un sistema de
prevención y pudo ser beneficiado con la conducta de los directivos.
This report analyzes whether Club Atlético Osasuna could and should have been declared criminally liable for the offense of sports corruption committed by its directors during the 2013–2014 season, in accordance with Article 286 bis.4 and the corporate attribution regime under Article 31 bis of the Spanish Criminal Code. The secondary issues are also addressed. First, it is demonstrated that the dismissal issued by the Court of Investigation No. 2 of Pamplona was incorrect, as it misapplied the 2010 regulations and conflated the formal existence of controls with the effectiveness required by Article 31 bis. Second, the apparent contradiction between considering the club both a victim of the misappropriation of funds and a beneficiary of the match-fixing is resolved, concluding that both dimensions may coexist without excluding criminal liability. Third, it is established that there were sufficient norms for the club to design an adequate compliance program. Finally, the liabilities of both natural persons and the legal entity are assessed in light of the foregoing, concluding that the directors acted with intent and that the club, had it been properly evaluated, should have been held criminally liable, as it entirely lacked a prevention system and could have been benefited by the conduct of its directors.
This report analyzes whether Club Atlético Osasuna could and should have been declared criminally liable for the offense of sports corruption committed by its directors during the 2013–2014 season, in accordance with Article 286 bis.4 and the corporate attribution regime under Article 31 bis of the Spanish Criminal Code. The secondary issues are also addressed. First, it is demonstrated that the dismissal issued by the Court of Investigation No. 2 of Pamplona was incorrect, as it misapplied the 2010 regulations and conflated the formal existence of controls with the effectiveness required by Article 31 bis. Second, the apparent contradiction between considering the club both a victim of the misappropriation of funds and a beneficiary of the match-fixing is resolved, concluding that both dimensions may coexist without excluding criminal liability. Third, it is established that there were sufficient norms for the club to design an adequate compliance program. Finally, the liabilities of both natural persons and the legal entity are assessed in light of the foregoing, concluding that the directors acted with intent and that the club, had it been properly evaluated, should have been held criminally liable, as it entirely lacked a prevention system and could have been benefited by the conduct of its directors.
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Corrupción administrativa--España, Derecho penal--Jurisprudencia--España, Responsabilidad penal de personas jurídicas--España
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