Fintech como herramienta de inclusión financiera en el Perú
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Date
2021-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El sistema financiero tradicional no cubre la demanda de los sectores más alejados del
territorio nacional, privándolos de beneficios como ahorro, inversión y créditos, así como
tampoco atiende a todos los segmentos. Para mediados del año 2018, solo el 1.1% de los
distritos a nivel nacional contaba con una oficina bancaria y solo el 0.2% tenía un cajero
automático; mientras que, en el mundo, las Fintech o Financial Technology continúan
expandiéndose, utilizando como principal recurso la tecnología y así lograr mayor cobertura.
El objetivo de la presente investigación es describir como las Fintech promueven la inclusión
financiera en el Perú. Para alcanzarlo, se diseñó una investigación no experimental y
transversal, de alcance descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, por lo que se seleccionó una
muestra de 16 miembros fundadores o directores de las empresas Fintech del Perú,
seleccionadas de una población de 81 compañías, en base a su disposición de participar en el
estudio. Luego de realizar las entrevistas a profundidad, las transcripciones de las grabaciones
se analizaron utilizando el software Atlas ti, en base a códigos seleccionados a partir de las
variables e indicadores del estudio. Los resultados permiten concluir que en el Perú, las
Fintech sí contribuyen en promover el acceso de la población a los servicios financieros, a
pesar de que solo la mitad atiende a población no bancarizada. Esto lo logran mediante una
combinación de: (a) estrategias de negocio, (b) alianzas estratégicas con instituciones
financieras o con agentes para tener una mayor cobertura, y (c) variedad de capacidades y
recursos, principalmente el uso intensivo de tecnología, aporte de capital semilla y miembros
fundadores con experiencia previa en finanzas o desarrollo tecnológico. Se recomienda la
colaboración con entes gubernamentales para desarrollar un marco legal que promueva la
inversión en las Fintech y su expansión, entre otros.
Abstract
The current financial system is not covering the demand of the sectors furthest from the national territory, depriving them of the benefits that it brings (savings, investment and credits). By June 2018, only 1.1% of the districts nationwide had a bank office and only 0.2% had an ATM, while around the world Fintech o Financial Technology companies keep growing, using as main resource the technology to reach high coverage. The objective of this research is to describe how Fintech promote financial inclusion in Peru. Researchers designed a non experimental research with a descriptive scope and qualitative approach. Therefore, there were selected a sample of 16 founders or CEOs of Peruvian Fintech, considering their disposition to participate in this research. After collecting all data, the transcripts of the recordings were analyzed using Atlas ti software. Results show that in Peru, Fintech do promote financial inclusion through providing services to new population segments. This is achieved through: (a) business strategies, (b) strategic alliances or network building with traditional financial institutions to provide wide cover in the country; and (c) variety of resources and capacities, mainly intensive use of technology, initial investment and founders with previous knowledge in finance or tech developments. Main recommendation to Fintech is to work along with governmental agencies in order to create a legal frame that promotes investment in this kind of companies in order to generate growth in the industry, among others.
The current financial system is not covering the demand of the sectors furthest from the national territory, depriving them of the benefits that it brings (savings, investment and credits). By June 2018, only 1.1% of the districts nationwide had a bank office and only 0.2% had an ATM, while around the world Fintech o Financial Technology companies keep growing, using as main resource the technology to reach high coverage. The objective of this research is to describe how Fintech promote financial inclusion in Peru. Researchers designed a non experimental research with a descriptive scope and qualitative approach. Therefore, there were selected a sample of 16 founders or CEOs of Peruvian Fintech, considering their disposition to participate in this research. After collecting all data, the transcripts of the recordings were analyzed using Atlas ti software. Results show that in Peru, Fintech do promote financial inclusion through providing services to new population segments. This is achieved through: (a) business strategies, (b) strategic alliances or network building with traditional financial institutions to provide wide cover in the country; and (c) variety of resources and capacities, mainly intensive use of technology, initial investment and founders with previous knowledge in finance or tech developments. Main recommendation to Fintech is to work along with governmental agencies in order to create a legal frame that promotes investment in this kind of companies in order to generate growth in the industry, among others.
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Keywords
Integración social, Instituciones financieras--Perú
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